阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

研究了丙烯酰胺（AM）与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲皋氯化铵共聚反应制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的工艺。实验结果表明，最佳聚合条件：pH6．0、（NH4）2S2O8和CH3NaO3S·2H2O总质量分数0．0125％、（NH4）：S2O8与CH3NaO3S·2H2O质量比1．0、偶氮类化合物质量分数0．0125％、单体质量分数（AM和阳离子单体总质量占整个反应体系的质量分数）35％、阳离子度（阳离子单体占AM和阳离子单体之和的质量分数）30％、反应温度25℃。在最佳条件下，所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的特性黏数为13．8535dl／g，在其加入量为0．027％的条件下处理污泥，上层清液透光率达99．6％，污泥脱水率达90．5％。并用红外光谱对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的结构进行了表征。     

降低聚丙烯酰胺尾气氨含量的可行性研究

在聚丙烯酰胺生产过程中,利用硫酸吸收含氨的工艺尾气所产生的废液不具有利用价值。改进后的治理措施为:水解工艺尾气从塔底部经过循环被吸收液吸收,吸收液直接与含氨气体逆向接触,含氨污染物进入液相,被吸收液吸收、中和并从气体中除去,然后进入塔上部除雾段,除去气体中携带的雾沫,以确保气体净化效率。经除氨处理后的气体被加工成成品。该工艺可以减小处理气体量,并降低了处理难度。     

聚丙烯酰胺改性有机硅材料对硅藻、贻贝附着的影响

采用聚丙烯酰胺共聚物对有机硅弹性体进行了共混改性,并对改性有机硅材料进行了静态水接触角、扫描电镜、X射线能谱的分析与表征。结果发现,当改性有机硅涂层浸水时,聚丙烯酰胺共聚物能够吸水并在有机硅涂层表面形成亲水性微凝胶,从而提高了有机硅表面的亲水性。进而考察了改性有机硅涂层对硅藻、贻贝附着的影响,结果显示添加该共聚物后,有机硅涂层的能够较好的抑制硅藻、贻贝的附着,其防污性能得到了显著的提高。     

催化剂厂滤渣制备高吸水复合材料的研究

炼油催化剂厂在生产过程中每年要排除大量的滤渣,对滤渣成分进行了分析,其中SiO2含量为60%左右,Al2O3含量为10%左右,重金属含量不超过土壤环境质量标准值(GB15618-95)。以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和催化剂厂滤渣等为主要原料,采用水溶液聚合法制备出了滤渣/P(AA-AM)高吸水复合材料,考察了引发剂用量、交联剂用量、单体中和度及滤渣用量对复合材料吸液倍率的影响。结果表明,当中和度为80%,滤渣、引发剂和交联剂用量分别为丙烯酸单体质量的25%、1.0%和0.04%时所制得复合材料吸蒸馏水、自来水和0.9%NaCl达到了1093.2g/g、323.4g/g和74.39g/g。复合材料在25℃下干燥10d,还保持50%的吸水量,在70℃下干燥10h吸水凝胶还可以保持40%的吸水量,表明复合材料具有良好的保水性能。     

微波法复合絮凝剂PAFC-PAM的制备及脱色性能

研究了以三氯化铝,三氯化铁和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺为原料,在微波辐照下制备PAFC-PAM复合絮凝剂的工艺条件,探讨了pH值、复合絮凝剂投加量对活性染料模拟废水脱色率的影响,并考察了其对实际印染废水的处理效果。结果表明:在PAM/PAFC质量比为0.25、微波合成功率150W、微波时间3min制得的复合絮凝剂,浊度去除率为98.8%。在pH=8,投加量为42mg/L的最佳絮凝条件下,复合絮凝剂对模拟染料废水脱色率高达97%。与PAFC和PAM相比,PAFC-PAM具有较宽的pH适宜范围和较低的投加量且对实际印染废水的处理效果优于PAFC和PAM。     

微波法对采出水中聚丙烯酰胺的降解作用研究

微波作为一种新型环保产品,在各个领域有着不同的作用。采用先进环保的微波法对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）进行降解,探讨了微波功率,微波时间,pH以及活化剂等对PAM降解作用的影响,并对PAM的降解机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：在pH=3,H2O2=5mL,中高火5min的时候,粘度降到1．05675mm^2／s,浓度降到439．1mg／L。     

Removal of Methyl Violet from aqueous solutions using poly （acrylic acid.co-acrylamide）/attapulgite composite

The adsorption of Methyl Violet (MV) cationic dye from aqueous solution was carried out by using crosslinked poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide)/attapulgite (Poly(AA-co-AM)/ATP) composite as adsorbent. The factors influencing adsorption capacity of the composite such as pH, concentration of the dye, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength and surfactant were systematically investigated. The equilibrium data fitted very well to the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity reached 1194 mg/g at 30°C. The thermodynamic parameters including G0, △H0 and △S 0 for the adsorption processes of MV on the composite were also calculated, and the negative △H0 and △G0 confirmed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process was consistent with the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the desorption studies revealed that the regeneration of the composite adsorbent can be easily achieved.     

蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺杂化絮凝剂制备及絮凝性能研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)的阳离子交换反应制得有机化蒙脱土(O-MMT),通过硝酸铈铵引发丙烯酰胺单体在有机化蒙脱土片层间原位插层聚合制得蒙脱土/聚丙烯酰胺(MMT/PAM)杂化物. 同时,研究了引发剂用量、聚合反应时间和蒙脱土含量对杂化物特性粘数的影响,并用XRD、FTIR、TEM对Na-MMT、O-MMT和MMT/PAM杂化物进行结构表征. 最后实验对比了MMT/PAM杂化物与PAM对三氧化二铬悬浮液的絮凝效果. XRD、TEM结果显示,纳米尺寸大小的蒙脱土均匀地分散在PAM基体中. 絮凝实验结果显示,添加质量分数0.5％~5.0％MMT的MMT/PAM杂化物的絮凝效果优于纯PAM.     

Adsorption characteristics of humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite for cationic dyes in aqueous solutions

Humic acid-immobilized amine modified polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (HA-Am-PAA-B) was prepared and used as an adsorbent for the adsorption of cationic dyes (Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV)) from aqueous solutions. The polyacrylamide/bentonite composite (PAA-B) was prepared by intercalative polymerization of acrylamide with Nabentonite in the presence of N,N0-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hexamethylenediammine as propagater. PAA-B was subsequently treated with ethylenediammine to increase its loading capacity for HA. The surface characterizations of the adsorbent were investigated. The adsorbent behaved like a cation exchanger and more than 99.0% removal of dyes was detected at pH range 6.0–8.0. The capacity of HA-Am-PAA-B was found to decrease in the following order: MG > MB > CV. The kinetic and isotherm data were interpreted by pseudo-second order rate equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. Experiments were carried out using binary solute systems to assess the competitive adsorption phenomenon. The experimental isotherm data for each binary solute combination of MG, MB and CV were analyzed using Sheindrof-Rebhun-Sheintuch (SRS) (multicomponent Freundlich type) equation.     

抗交联剂对聚丙烯酰胺分子量和絮凝性能的影响

采用K2S2O8/NaHSO3引发丙烯酰胺溶液聚合,探讨了抗交联剂甲酸钠对聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）的粘均分子量及絮凝性能的影响。研究结果表明：以K2S2O8/NaHSO3为引发剂,反应温度20℃,引发剂用量为0.5‰,丙烯酰胺单体浓度40%,抗交联剂用量为5ppm时,可获得最高粘均分子量达1.9×107的聚丙烯酰胺。絮凝实验结果表明：当抗交联剂用量为15ppm时,所合成的PAM的絮凝效果最好,上层液体的透光度可达95%以上。