水华对沉积物中氮的转化和去除的影响

湖泊富营养化和水华暴发已经成为突出的环境问题之一,了解水华对湖泊氮素的转化和去除的影响,对于削减湖泊氮负荷至关重要.本文研究了水华对沉积物中氮转化和氮转化相关功能基因的影响,并采用结构方程模型分析了水华影响湖泊中氮转化和去除的途径.结果表明,与厌氧氨氧化相比,反硝化作用是太湖沉积物氮削减的主要途径,对沉积物中总溶解性氮去除率的解释度为42. 3%.水华可以直接造成沉积物中TDN和TOC量的增加,提高厌氧氨氧化菌、nir S和nir K的基因丰度,并且间接提高沉积物中氨氮和硝酸盐的浓度,通过增强厌氧氨氧化和反硝化过程加速沉积物中氮的去除.     

不同条件对土壤反硝化作用的影响

不论是从农业还是从环境角度看,反硝化作用已经引起越来越多的关注。其研究目的可以归纳为两个方面:其一是农业方面着重控制土壤的反硝化作用以减轻氮肥的逸     

纳米银对胶州湾西北部海区及河口区沉积物反硝化能力和功能基因丰度的影响

在胶州湾西北部海区和大沽河河口区选择S站和E站2个研究站位,现场采样带回实验室进行模拟培养,研究纳米银对沉积物反硝化能力、反硝化酶活性及功能基因丰度的影响.将不同剂量(0、135、1 350 mg·L~(-1))的纳米银添加至由表层沉积物和原位底层海水组成的培养体系中培养6 d,测定其在不同时间内NO_3~-和NO_2~-含量、NO_3~-还原酶和NO_2~-还原酶活性、反硝化功能基因narG和nirS相对丰度的变化,探讨纳米银对不同区域沉积物反硝化过程的影响和可能的作用途径.结果表明,纳米银胁迫对2个站位沉积物NO_3~-和NO_2~-的还原能力、NO_3~-和NO_2~-还原酶活性及narG和nirS的基因丰度均具有明显的抑制效应,纳米银浓度越高,抑制程度越强,并会导致NO_2~-累积量的增加;纳米银对NO_2~-还原酶的抑制程度明显大于NO_3~-还原酶,对功能基因nirS的抑制程度明显大于narG;纳米银胁迫对NO_3~-还原过程的影响主要通过对功能基因的抑制作用,而对NO_2~-还原过程的影响主要是通过对还原酶活性的抑制作用;纳米银对胶州湾西北部海域反硝化能力、NO_3~-还原酶和基因丰度的抑制程度大于大沽河河口区.     

Effects of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as end product

The effect of seawater salinity on nitrite accumulation in short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product was studied by using a SBR. Experimental results indicated that the growth of nitrobacteria was inhibited and very high levels of nitrite accumulation at different salinities were achieved under the conditions of 25--28℃, pH 7.5--8.0, and the influent ammonia nitrogen of 40--70mg/L when seawater flow used to flush toilet was less than 35% (salinity 12393 mg/L, Cl^- 6778mg/L) of total domestic wastewater flow, which is mainly ascribed to much high chlorine concentration of seawater. Results showed that high seawater salinity is available for short-range nitrification to nitrite as the end product. When the seawater flow used to flush toilet accounting for above 70% of the total domestic wastewater flow, the removal efficiency of ammonia was still above 80% despite the removal of organics declined obviously(less than 60% ). It was found that the effect of seawater salinity on the removal of organics was negative rather than positive one as shown for ammonia removal.     

废水反硝化除氮工艺及其设计

本文介绍了脱氢细菌的类型和废水除氮的主要过程以及脱氮过程设计步骤。     

Enhancing treatment efficiency of swine wastewater by effluent recirculation in vertical-flow constructed wetland

Introduction Livestock w astew ater contains highly concen- trated pollutants, including suspended solids (SS), organics, nutrients and bacteria. In C hina, w astew ater generated by concentrated farm s is com m only stored in anaerobic lagoons and partia…     

网箱养殖区底层水N的硝化作用分析

根据1998年4月至1999年2月对厦门西海域网箱养殖区底层海水中NH3-N、N02^-的含量变化规律的分析，结合环境因子水温(t)、Do、pH、COD等对发生在养殖底层海水中的氮的硝化作用进行了分析。结果表明，网箱养殖区底层水N的正常代谢偶联，是养殖水体保持稳定的重要条件。     

农田土壤N2O排放过程影响因素研究进展

本文主要阐述了土壤水分、温度等理化性质,NH4 -N和NO3--N含量,土壤有机质等因素对农田土壤产生N2O过程的影响的研究进展.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

RMCH型净化槽中产生NO_2-N积累的原因分析

分析了 RMCH型净化槽生物硝化反应中出现 NO2 - N积累的原因 ,以及影响亚硝酸积累的不同因素。结果表明 ,进水高浓度的氨氮是产生不完全硝化和 NO2 - N积累的重要原因 ,DO的不足是另一个主要因素 ;进水的 C/N与 NO2 - N积累以及积累量有直接的负相关关系 ;好氧槽中水力停留时间的减少和容积负荷的增加也影响了 NO2 - N积累。文章还分析了在厌氧槽中出现氨氮厌氧氧化的可能性