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21.
A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis was isolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer ?uid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate. The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl as well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustaine... 相似文献
22.
Meeta Lavani Priyangshu M. Sarm Ajoy K. Man Simrita Cheem Banwari La 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1394-1402
We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides
were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production,
Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum
planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl
phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest
with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment,
Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm
bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this
is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which
screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using. 相似文献
23.
S. Veerasingam R. Venkatachalapathy S. Sudhakar P. Raj V. Rajeswari 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(7):1129-1134
Eight mollusc species and sediment samples collected from three different stations along Tamilnadu coast, Bay of Bengal, India
were analysed for the levels of petroleum hydrocarbons to elucidate the status of the petroleum residues in mollusc meant for human
consumption. The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments along Tamilnadu coast varied from 5.04–25.5 g/g dw (dry
weight). High concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons in the sediment of Uppanar estuary (25.5 1.45 g/g dw) was perhaps land
and marine based anthropogenic sources of this region. The petroleum hydrocarbon residues in eight mollusc species collected from
Uppanar, Vellar and Coleroon estuaries varied between 2.44–6.04 g/g ww (wet weight). Although the concentration of petroleum
hydrocarbons in sediment of the Uppanar region was markedly higher than the background, the petroleum hydrocarbon residues in
mollusc collected from Uppanar estuary did not suggest bioaccumulation. The results signified that industrial growth has affected the
aquatic environments and regular monitoring will help to adopt stringent pollution control measures for better management of the
aquatic region. 相似文献
24.
Soonchul Kwon Maohong Fan Herbert F. M. DaCost Armistead G. Russell 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(8):1233-1239
Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of
CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage.
Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other
operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2
gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology. 相似文献
25.
F. Olcay Topac Sagban 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):616-623
The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol (PNP) polluted soil and the e ectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments
in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incubation study. The results indicated that PNP at 250 mg/kg
soil inhibited urease activity, nitrification potential, arginine ammonification rate and heterotrophic bacteria counts to some extents.
After exposure to PNP, the nitrification potential of the tested soil was dramatically reduced to zero over a period of 30 days. Based
on the findings, nitrification potential was postulated as a simple biochemical indicator for PNP pollution in soils. Nitrogen-cycling
processes in soils responded positively to the applications of wastewater sludges. A sludge application rate of 200 tons/ha was su cient
for successful biostimulation of these nitrogen processes. The microbial activities in sludge-amended, heavy PNP-polluted soils seemed
to recover after 30–45 days, indicating the e ectiveness of sludge as a useful soil amendment. 相似文献
26.
Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental
problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and
sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated
runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters
the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg
contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of
higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The
concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4
2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation
of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within
10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60%
for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction
(DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved
phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%). 相似文献
27.
Ryan L. Fimmen Tamara D. Trouts Daniel D. Richter Jr. Dharni Vasudevan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(10):1273-1280
The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse... 相似文献
28.
概述 人们应该如何评估国家和个人的福利,即"幸福水平"呢?关于这个问题的答案对于国家甚至国际发展政策的制定至关重要,因为这些政策都清楚地将"变得更好"作为目标.勿庸置疑,如何衡量"更好"就成为了一个关键问题. 相似文献
29.
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Panagiotis Tsigaris 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(3):39
James E. Lovelock, famed for his Gaia hypothesis, which views the Earth as a living integrated and interconnected self-regulating system whose equilibrium comes about from complex energy-based interactions and feedback loops, ultimately sustaining life, passed away at the end of July, 2022 at the age of 103. Not only are the adaptive mechanisms of Gaia central to the conversation of environmental homeostasis, they lie at the heart of climate change and global warming. Lovelock is also remembered as the co-inventor of the electron capture detector that eventually allowed for the sensitive detection of chlorofluorocarbons and pesticides. Finally, Lovelock’s free-spirited nature and research independence allow academia to rethink current research’s modus operandi. 相似文献
30.
以牛骨为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备牛骨基炭,通过静态吸附试验研究了牛骨炭对水中Hg(Ⅱ)的吸附效果并确定了影响吸附性能的因素。研究结果表明:牛骨炭对Hg(Ⅱ)的最佳吸附时间约为2h、吸附温度为25℃、pH值为1、投加量为0.1g、吸附溶液的最大初始浓度为600mg/L,其最大吸附容量Q^0为43.1mg/g,吸附行为符合Freundl—ich吸附等温模型;通过BET分析和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段表征了牛骨炭的孔结构参数及形貌特征,经分析,所制备牛骨炭的孔径分布为中孔。 相似文献