Y-射线辐照催化降解水溶液中萘普生

利用^60co产生的y-射线辐照水溶液中萘普生,研究了萘普生的降解特性．通过测定辐射后萘普生的浓度,探讨了吸收剂量、溶液pH、不同添加物（H2O2,CO23-;t-BuOH）对萘普生降解效果的影响．结果表明,1一射线辐照能有效催化降解水溶液中的萘普生,降解过程符合准一级动力学方程．萘普生浓度为23．6mg·L^-1,吸...     

介孔涂层SPME- HPLC联用测定水样中的多环芳烃

以辛基键合SBA- 15为固相微萃取(SPME)的吸附涂层,考察了吸附和解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率对SPME效率的影响,该方法的线性范围分别为0.4-300μg/L、4.0-450μg/L,检出限为0.3μg/L、0.10μg/L,以此方法测定了环境水样中萘、蒽的含量.该方法具有灵敏度高和精密度好的特点.     

Factors influencing polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions and control in major industrial sectors：Case evidence from Shandong Province, China

Analyzing determinants that influence polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran（PCDD/F） emissions is helpful for decision-makers to find effective and efficient ways to mitigate PCDD/F emissions. The PCDD/F emissions and the contributions of the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect to emissions from eight main industrial sectors in2006, 2008 and 2010 in Shandong Province, were calculated in this article. Total PCDD/F emissions in Shandong increased by 52.8% in 2008（614.1 g I-TEQ） and 49.7% in 2010（601.8 g I-TEQ） based on 2006（401.9 g I-TEQ）. According to the decomposition method, the largest influencing factor on PCDD/F emission changes was the composition effect（contributed 43.4%in 2008 and 120.6% in 2010 based on 2006）, which was also an emission-increasing factor.In this case, the present industrial restructuring policy should be adjusted to control the proportion of production capacities with high emission factors, such as iron ore sintering and steelmaking and the secondary non-ferrous metal sector. The scale effect increased the emissions in 2008（contributed 21.9%） and decreased the emissions in 2010（contributed-28.0%）. However, as a source control measure, the excess capacity control policy indeed had a significant role in emission reduction. The main reason for the technology effect（contributed 34.7% in 2008 and 7.4% in 2010 based on 2006） having an emission-increasing role was the weakness in implementing policies for restricting industries with outdated facilities. Some specific suggestions were proposed on PCDD/F reduction for local administrators at the end.     

Effect of ammonium sulfate and urea on PCDD/F formation from active carbon and possible mechanism of inhibition

The effect of ammonium sulfate （（NH4）2SO4） and urea （CO（NH2）2） on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran （PCDD/F） formation from active carbon was investigated in this study. Both additives could significantly inhibit PCDD/F formation, and PCDD/F （TEQ） generation was reduced to 98.5% （98%） or 64.5% （77.2%） after 5% （NH4）2S04 or CO（NH2）2 was added into model ash, respectively. The inhibition efficiency of PCDDs was higher than the value of PCDFs, however, the reduction of PCDD/F yield was mainly from PCDFs decreasing. In addition, the solid-phase products were reduced more than the gas-phase compounds by inhibitors. By the measurement of chlorine emission in the phase of ion （Cl[Cl^-]） and molecule gas （Cl[Cl2]）, it was observed that both Cl[Cl^-] and Cl[Cl2] were reduced after inhibitors were added into ash. Cl[Cl2] was reduced to 51.0% by urea addition, which was supposed as one possible mechanism of PCDD/F inhibition.     

熔锡炉加热法分离废弃电路板元器件过程的有害挥发物组成

废弃电路板(PCB)资源化价值大,脱除PCB元器件有利于资源化废弃PCB,其中熔锡炉加热脱焊法是应用最广泛的方法。在工作温度分别为250℃和290℃时,对熔锡炉加热法分离废弃PCB元器件过程中产生的挥发物用Tenax吸附管采样,以气相色谱质谱仪(GC-MS)进行分析。结果表明,挥发物中含多种苯系化合物,290℃时挥发物中检测出的苯、乙苯、对,间二甲苯、苯乙烯、邻二甲苯、萘质量浓度分别是250℃时的3.4倍、3.3倍、3.2倍、2.7倍、3.5倍、1.5倍,且能测出更高相对分子质量的异丙苯和正丙苯;部分化合物质量浓度已超过我国相关环境标准规定的限值,其中苯乙烯最高质量浓度是TJ36—79《工业企业设计卫生标准》规定值的103倍。挥发物进入排气管后部分吸附于管道内壁上,成分包括乙苯、对,间二甲苯、邻二甲苯及萘,其中萘的质量比达1.79 mg/kg。因此,对废弃PCB进行热法处理时,需对产生的挥发物加强监控和处理。     

硅胶微球形填料固相萃取气质联用技术测定地表水中萘、苊、菲、芘

为改进水样通过固相萃取柱的能力,合成了中位数粒径为88μm硅胶微球形填料,健合C18后,装填为600 mg规格的固相萃取柱,用于提取地表水中萘、苊、菲、芘.结果表明,水样可借助滤过吸咐装置,依靠自身重力通过该回相萃取柱,滤过流量平稳为10ml/min.水样固相萃取处理后,用气质联用技术测定,样品相对标准偏差小于8.4％,加标回收率为93.2％～105％.在地表水环境监测中,该固相萃取柱可用于水样萘、苊、菲、芘的固相提取.     

氯苯类生产过程POPs污染风险点分析及环境管理建议

我国氯苯类生产过程中的二噁英类、五氯苯、六氯苯等非故意产生类持久性有机污染物对环境具有潜在风险。对具有典型工艺特征的氯苯类生产过程中关键节点的二噁英类进行了检测和分析,在残渣、残液、废水和副产品(多氯苯混合物)中发现高浓度二噁英类,主要成分为多氯代二苯并呋喃,推测可能与原料中呋喃类杂质有关。为践行我国《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》的履约责任和控制二噁英类排放造成的环境风险,结合国内外相关管理制度提出了法规制度、监督管理、工艺改进、产品质控和废物处置等方面的环境管理建议。     

青岛近海PCDD/Fs的沉积通量、毒性当量及来源

用高分辨率气相色谱-质谱方法对青岛胶州湾内外表层沉积物、柱状岩心及贻贝样品中的17种毒性多氯代二苯并二 /呋喃(PCDD/Fs)进行了分析和讨论.表层沉积物的SP_4-8CDD/Fs含量范围在11.6～369pg/g dw,主要以P_4-8CDFs为主.S2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs含量范围4.1～232.4pg/g dw.在环流作用下沉积物中形成了明显的东-西分布格局.除河口处外,PCDD/F同系物分布基本上相同,即低氯代PCDD/Fs占主导.SP_4-8CDD/Fs沉积通量从1951年起逐渐增大,STEQ沉积通量从1980年显著增大.青岛近海PCDD/Fs的来源相对恒定,推测为城市污水污泥和大气沉降.贝肉中S2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs为2.9～5.1pg/g dw. TEQ的主要来源为2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF(35%)、2,3,7,8-TCDF(30%)、2,3,7,8,-TCDD(30%).     

七种萘有机化合物对活性污泥的抑制作用

本文依据呼吸法测定的微生物耗氧速率,研究了七种萘有机化合物对活性污泥的抑制作用,建立了微生物相对呼吸速率与抑制物浓度之间的定量方程,据此方程计算了七种化合物在废水生物处理系统中的建议最高可容许浓度以及对微生物呼吸的半抑制浓度EC_（50）,并得到了EC_（50）与正辛醇-水分配系数lgK_（ow）之间的线性回归方程。     

萃取第三相形成过程中废水处理的去污机理

用漏斗试验法研究了［β－萘磺酸＋劳伦酸（钠）］－水－三辛胺（煤油）体系的萃取去污机理,结果表明,在萃取过程中除水溶性β－萘磺酸和劳伦酸的可溶部分各自与三辛胺萃取剂反应生成胺盐,并进一步聚合后形成萃取第三相外,劳伦酸的悬浮颗粒部分被第三相粘结除去,劳伦酸钠以分子形态被第三相吸附除去。并在合适的萃取条件下所涉及体系以COD计的去污率可达到95％左右。由此提出＂萃取－混凝－浮上＂的去污机理。