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以可持续发展理论为指导,分析了重庆市经济增长的生态环境代价,对目前的经济增长方式作了深刻反思、据测算、重庆市仅生态破坏、大气污染、水污染造成的经济损失就占全市GDP的16.1%。要改变不合理的发展方式,必须落实可持续发展的发展战略、转变经济增长方式,增加生态环境保护投入,加强资源与环境核算和环境法制工作。 相似文献
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Application of cleaner production technology in chemical industry: a near zero emission 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sohair I. Abou-Elela Hesham Abdel Haleem Enas Abou-Taleb Hanan S. Ibrahim 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2007,15(18):1852-1858
The main objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate opportunities for implementation of pollution prevention and waste minimization in a chemical industrial company producing poly sulfonated naphthalene formaldehyde which is used as a super plasticizer for concrete. Environmental problems encountered were mainly the highly polluted wastewater and a semi-solid cake containing considerable amount of the final product. Possible modules for remedial measures and their cost estimation were investigated. The proposed remedial modules included recycling of retained water discharge in filter press, recycling of washing water of reaction vessels (reactors), closed circuit cooling system for high-pressure pump, good housekeeping through control of leakage of raw material, products and water and finally utilization of retained residual product from the solid waste. The implemented pollution control measures proved to be cost effective and have short payback periods. Also, minimization of the hydraulic and organic loads in the final effluent was achieved. 相似文献
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A. P. Møller L. Z. Garamszegi D. Gil S. Hurtrez-Boussès M. Eens 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2005,58(6):534-544
Circulating levels of testosterone in adults have mainly evolved as a consequence of selection on males for increased levels, while levels of circulating testosterone in females may be an indirect consequence of selection on males. A review of the literature revealed that intense directional selection for high levels of circulating testosterone in birds is likely to be mainly due to direct selection on males. A comparative study of testosterone levels in birds revealed a strong positive relationship between peak testosterone levels in adult females and peak levels in males. The slope of this relationship was significantly less than unity, implying that the testosterone levels in females have been reduced in species with high levels in males. An analysis of the order of evolutionary events suggested that peak concentration of testosterone in females changed after peak concentrations of testosterone in males. Females in colonial species of birds had significantly higher circulating peak testosterone levels compared to females of solitary species, and relative levels after controlling for the effects of peak levels in males were also larger, suggesting that any costs of high testosterone levels in females are particularly likely in colonial birds. Direct selection on male circulating testosterone levels may increase the costs that females incur from high testosterone titers. For example, high female levels may negatively affect ovulation and laying and may also affect the levels of testosterone that females deposit in their eggs and hence the exposure of pre- and post-hatching offspring to testosterone. This in turn may affect not only offspring behavior, but also offspring development and the trade-offs between growth, development of immune function, and behavior in offspring. 相似文献
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Raoul Beunen Catharinus F. Jaarsma Rob N. A. Kramer 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2004,10(1):109-118
Accurate and sufficiently detailed information about recreation-related use of dune areas is necessary for their management.
Long-term monitoring can provide this information. This paper presents the visitor counting programme used in the Meijendel
dune area since 1992. The data collected during the first ten years are used to evaluate the method. The combination of mechanical
vehicle counts and additional visual counts proved to be reliable and produced an accurate data set. Costs could be reduced
through eventually reducing the number of counting locations and limiting the number of visual counts. 相似文献
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从经济学和委托代理理论出发构建非国有企业和国有企业环境污染行为产生的成本-收益决策模型,分析了污染行为产生的根本动因,并据此提出控制企业环境污染行为有效可行的政策。 相似文献
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Bernt-Erik Sæther Reidar Andersen Hans Christian Pedersen 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1993,33(3):147-150
Summary The fitness of a parent in an altricial bird species is likely to be a function of the proportion of resources allocated to offspring production in relation to the amount spent on its own survival. Here we report an experiment on the Antarctic petrel in which we manipulated the costs of rearing an offspring by placing small lead loads on the legs of one parent. The bird could then either decrease its own body reserves or reduce the food load to the chick. The manipulated birds decreased their food load and increased the feeding interval, compared with unmanipulated birds. Consequently, the rate of chick loss increased. No significant difference was found between the body weights of experimental and control birds during the experiment.Publication no. 113 from the Norwegian Antarctic Research Expedition (NARE) 1989/90
Correspondence to: B.-E. Sæther 相似文献
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We use a mechanism design framework to analyze the optimal design of green payment policies with the dual goals of conservation and income support for small farms. Each farm is characterized by two dimensions of attributes: farms size and conservation efficiency. The policymaker may not be able to use the attributes as an explicit criterion for payments. We characterize optimal policy when conservation efficiency is unobservable to policymakers, and when farm size is also unobservable. An income support goal is shown to reduce the conservation distortion caused by asymmetric information. The cost of optimal green payment mechanisms is shown to depend crucially on whether large or small farms have greater conservation efficiency. 相似文献
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