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31.
室内空气质量越来越受到人们关注。甲醛和氨作为污染室内空气的主要污染物,对人体存在着严重的危害。监测人员对哈尔滨市110户装修住宅进行室内空气污染物甲醛和氨进行了测定,甲醛达标率为12.7%,超标率达到了87.3%;氨达标率为42.7%,超标率为57.3%。在哈尔滨市住宅室内甲醛和氨慧在着严重的污染状况,人们对此应当高度重视 相似文献
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对用注射器采样甲醛法测定高浓度SO2样气精密度、准确度,采样效率,样品的稳定性进行了研究,并应用于燃煤,燃油锅炉排气中SO2浓度的测定,同时与碘量法结果进行比较和评价,表明注射器采样甲醛法测定了SO2基本可行。 相似文献
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在甲醛法测定空气中二氧化硫的基础上,建立了一种测定空气中甲醛的新方法。该方法所用设备和材料与甲醛法测定空气中的二氧化硫相同,不使用含汞试剂,用亚硫酸钠固定标准溶液和吸收液中的甲醛,用氢氧化钠分解羟甲磺酸释放已被固定的甲醛,以副玫瑰苯胺和亚硫酸钠为显色剂绘制标准曲线进行定量。当采集空气30L时,检出限为0.01mgm3,最低检测浓度为0.03mgm3,适用于环境空气及室内空气中甲醛的测定。 相似文献
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室内空气污染与人体健康关系探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
阐述了室内空气污染的定义、种类、来源,国内外研究现状。分析了燃烧产物、被动吸烟,VOC、甲醛,氡及其子体,室内微生物对人体健康的危害。探讨了白血病、“大楼综合症”与室内空气污染的关系。指出由于我国建筑装修(饰)行业管理不到位,法律,法规不健全,建材质量在整体上落后,未能与经济的高速发展同步。且存在严重的地方保护和有法不依,执法不严的现象,使得室内空气污染问题突出,对人体健康造成了很大的危害。提出了严格我国室内空气质量标准的建议。 相似文献
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Xiaojiang Tang Yang Bai Anh Duong Martyn T. Smith Laiyu Li Luoping Zhang 《Environment international》2009,35(8):1210-1224
Formaldehyde, an economically important chemical, is classified as a human carcinogen that causes nasopharyngeal cancer and probably leukemia. As China is the largest producer and consumer of formaldehyde in the world, the Chinese population is potentially at increased risk for cancer and other associated health effects. In this paper we review formaldehyde production, consumption, exposure, and health effects in China. We collected and analyzed over 200 Chinese and English documents from scientific journals, selected newspapers, government publications, and websites pertaining to formaldehyde and its subsequent health effects.Over the last 20 years, China's formaldehyde industry has experienced unprecedented growth, and now produces and consumes one-third of the world's formaldehyde. More than 65% of the Chinese formaldehyde output is used to produce resins mainly found in wood products — the major source of indoor pollution in China. Although the Chinese government has issued a series of standards to regulate formaldehyde exposure, concentrations in homes, office buildings, workshops, public places, and food often exceed the national standards. In addition, there have been numerous reports of formaldehyde-induced health problems, including poisoning and cancer. The lack of quality epidemiological studies and basic data on exposed populations emphasizes the need for more extensive studies on formaldehyde and its related health effects in China. 相似文献
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Methacrolein(MACR) is an abundant multifunctional carbonyl compound with high reactivity in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the hydroxyl radical initiated oxidation of MACR at various NO/MACR ratios(0 to 4.04) and relative humidities( 3% to80%) using a flow tube. Meanwhile, a box model based on the Master Chemical Mechanism was performed to test our current understanding of the mechanism. In contrast to the reasonable predictions for hydroxyacetone production, the modeled yields of formaldehyde(HCHO) were twice higher than the experimental results. The discrepancy was ascribed to the existence of unconsidered non-HCHO forming channels in the chemistry of CH_3-UC(=CH_2)OO, which account for approx. 50%. In addition, the production of hydroxyacetone and HCHO were affected by water vapor as well as the initial NO/MACR ratio. The yields of HCHO were higher under humid conditions than that under dry condition. The yields of hydroxyacetone were higher under humid conditions at low-NO_x level, while lower at high-NOxlevel. The reasonable explanation for the lower hydroxyacetone yield under humid conditions at high-NO_x level is that water vapor promotes the production of Umethacrolein nitrate in the reaction of HOCH_2 C(CH_3)(OO)CHO with NO due to the peroxy radical-water complex formation, which was evidenced by calculational results. And the minimum equilibrium constant of this water complex formation was estimated to be 1.89 × 10~(-18) cm~3/molecule. These results provide new insights into the MACR oxidation mechanism and the effects of water vapor. 相似文献
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Due to the low concentration of indoor air contaminants,photocatalytic technology shows low efficiency for indoor air purification.The application of TiO_2 for photocatalytic removal of formaldehyde is limited,because TiO_2 can only absorb ultraviolet(UV) light.Immobilization of TiO_2 nanoparticles on the surface of graphene can improve the visible light photocatalytic activity and the adsorption capacity.In this study,rGO(reduced graphene oxide)/TiO_2 was synthesized through a hydrothermal method using titanium tetrabutoxide and graphene oxide as precursors,and was used for the degradation of low concentration formaldehyde in indoor air under visible light illumination.Characterization of the crystalline structure and morphology of rGO/TiO_2 revealed that most GO was reduced to rGO during the hydrothermal treatment,and anatase TiO_2 nanoparticles(with particle size of 15–30 nm) were dispersed well on the surface of the rGO sheets.rGO/TiO_2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for degradation of formaldehyde in indoor air and this can be attributed to the role of rGO,which can act as the electron sink and transporter for separating photo-generated electron–hole pairs through interfacial charge transfer.Furthermore,rGO could adsorb formaldehyde molecules from air to produce a high concentration of formaldehyde on the surface of rGO/TiO_2.Under visible light irradiation for 240 min,the concentration of formaldehyde could be reduced to 58.5 ppbV.rGO/TiO_2 showed excellent moisture-resistance behavior,and after five cycles,r GO/TiO_2 maintained high photocatalytic activity for the removal of formaldehyde(84.6%).This work suggests that the synthesized rGO/TiO_2 is a promising photocatalyst for indoor formaldehyde removal. 相似文献
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