Fabrication and photoelectrocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline monoclinic BiVO4 thin-film electrode

Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie...     

Resistance and biosorption mechanism of silver ions by Bacillus cereus biomass

Biosorption of silver ions onto Bacillus cereus biomass was investigated. Overall kinetic experiments were performed for the determination of the necessary contact time for the attainment of equilibrium. It was found that the overall biosorption process was best described by pseudo second-order kinetic model. The crystals detected by scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested the precipitation was a possible mechanism of biosorption. The molecular genetics of silver resistance of B. cereus biomass was also detected and illustrated by a whole cell sensor tool.     

Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO2 photocatalysts for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol

Visible light responsive N-F-codoped TiO₂ photocatalysts exhibit a higher catalytic activity than N-doped TiO₂ for the degradation of 4-chlorophenol due to the synergistic effect of nonmetal elements.     

Ultrasonic preparation of nano-nickel/activated carbon composite using spent electroless nickel plating bath and application in degradation of 2,6-dichlorophenol

Ni was effectively recovered from spent electroless nickel （EN） plating baths by forming a nano-nickel coated activated carbon composite. With the aid of ultrasonication, melamine- formaldehyde-tetraoxalyl-ethylenediamine chelating resins were grafted on activated carbon （MFT/AG）. PdC12 sol was adsorbed on MFT/AC, which was then immersed in spent electroless nickel plating bath; then nano-nickel could be reduced by ascorbic acid to form a nano-nickel coating on the activated carbon composite （Ni/AC） in situ. The materials present were carefully examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electro- chemistry techniques. The resins were well distributed on the inside and outside surfaces of activated carbon with a size of 120 ± 30 nm in MFT/AC, and a great deal of nano-nickel particles were evenly deposited with a size of 3.8 ± 1.1 nm in Ni/MFT. Moreover, Ni/AC was successfully used as a catalyst for ultrasonic degradation of 2.6-dichloronhenol.     

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for benzene catalytic combustion

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.     

Pd/activated carbon sorbents for mid-temperature capture of mercury from coal-derived fuel gas

Higher concentrations of Hg can be emitted from coal pyrolysis or gasification than from coal combustion, especially elemental Hg. Highly efficient Hg removal technology from coal-derived fuel gas is thus of great importance. Based on the very excellent Hg removal ability of Pd and the high adsorption abilities of activated carbon（AC） for H2 S and Hg, a series of Pd/AC sorbents was prepared by using pore volume impregnation, and their performance in capturing Hg and H2 S from coal-derived fuel gas was investigated using a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of loading amount, reaction temperature and reaction atmosphere on Hg removal from coal-derived fuel gas were studied. The sorbents were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The results indicated that the efficiency of Hg removal increased with the increasing of Pd loading amount, but the effective utilization rate of the active component Pd decreased significantly at the same time. High temperature had a negative influence on the Hg removal. The efficiency of Hg removal in the N2-H2S-H2-CO-Hg atmosphere（simulated coal gas） was higher than that in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres, which showed that H2 and CO, with their reducing capacity, could benefit promote the removal of Hg. The XPS results suggested that there were two different ways of capturing Hg over sorbents in N2-H2S-Hg and N2-Hg atmospheres.     

南京一次大雾过程边界层特征分析

雾、霾影响空气质量,特定气象条件有利于雾、霾形成。利用南京大学仙林综合观测基地的近地层湍流资料以及MICAPS气象资料,分析了2011年11月18日南京一次大雾过程的边界层特征。结果表明,大雾发生前后南京处于高空低压槽前,西南暖湿气流向南京地区输送充足的水汽,而近地面主要受到低压倒槽的控制,使得近地层相对湿度一直在90%以上。边界层上空(约300~500 m)存在很强很厚的逆温层,近地层动量通量几乎为0,感热通量也几乎为0,表明大雾期间南京地区大气一直处于稳定的边界层中,近地层湍流很微弱,有利于大雾的形成和维持。能谱分析表明,能谱高频段满足-2/3率,但中低频率部分可能由于非均匀下垫面地形的影响,分布比较杂乱。     

2015年干季佛山一次重空气污染过程形成机理研究

2015年12月21-23日,广东珠三角佛山地区出现了一次PM_2.5重污染过程.利用佛山地区顺德、禅城、三水3个站点风廓线雷达、激光雷达和微波辐射计观测资料,结合地面气象观测数据和污染物浓度数据,分析研究了这次重污染过程的形成机理.结果表明：1形成这次污染过程的主要原因是近地层偏南风和偏北风对峙导致水平风速减小,大气水平输送能力变差;持续时间长且强度达到3℃·km^-1的强逆温抑制了污染物的垂直扩散;800 m以下超过90%的高相对湿度造成气溶胶粒子吸湿增长显著.2持续时间长且比较深厚的小风层是造成这次污染过程的直接原因,小风层厚度是预报空气质量变化的较好工具.与地面风速相比,PM_2.5浓度与小风层厚度的相关系数最多能提高0.36,且具有较长的预报时效.佛山地区小风层的风速阈值为3.8 m·s^-1.3这次污染过程存在两种不同的污染形成机制,污染前期（21-23日中午）主要以本地污染物累积为主,污染后期（23日下午）下风向地区（三水）的污染主要是受上风向地区（顺德和禅城）的污染输送影响.     

飑线与龙卷

两个案例综述 1975年5月30日傍晚，上海突发9～11级雷暴大风，大风裹着强冰雹席卷上海城乡，全市除崇明县外，有9个县和市区6个区出现强雷雨、雷雨大风和冰雹等灾害性天气，大的冰雹有拳头大小。这次灾害天气结果造成6人死亡，30多人受伤，农田损失惨重。无独有偶，2004年7月12日傍晚时分，在本市浦东、普陀、长宁、闵行、嘉定、青浦等6个区的部分街道、乡镇遭到短时雷雨大风和强降水袭击。17时38分,青浦气象台测得瞬时风速22米／秒（相当9级风），17时39分，青浦区商塌乡瞬时风力达风力11级。     

《北京地铁10号线一期（含奥运支线）工程安全风险分析与对策措施研究》和《北京地铁机场线工程安全风险分析与对策措施研究》项目通过专家评审

2009年7月30日，由北京市地铁运营有限公司和中国安全生产科学研究院共同完成的《北京地铁10号线一期（含奥运支线）工程安全风险分析与对策措施研究》和《北京地铁机场线工程安全风险分析与对策措施研究》项目评审会在北京召开。