Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Ecological economics: themes, approaches, and differences with environmental economics

This article provides a short overview of the main themes of ecological economics (EE). It is argued that EE provides a platform that fosters multidisciplinary environmental research by bringing together the core contributing disciplines – economics and ecology. In addition, EE is regarded as a pluralistic approach to environmental research that can be set opposite to, and has indeed developed as a response to, traditional environmental and resource economics. A comparison of the two fields is presented to clarify the essential differences between them. In addition, specific themes are examined in more detail. These include: sustainable development; the growth debate; international trade; dynamic processes; and behaviour and policy. Electronic Publication     

趸船式水质自动监测站建站模式的技术可行性分析

分析大胜关水质自动监测站建成运行后2015-2018年每月实际水样比对数据,并与同期建设固定式水站水样比对结果比较,探讨趸船式水站的技术可行性。结果表明:趸船式水站自动监测的pH值、溶解氧、电导率、氨氮指标与实验室数据有较好一致性,相关性均>0.7,且显著性概率<0.01,存在非常显著的相关关系,pH值、电导率、高锰酸盐指数3个指标的实际水样比对合格率均超过80%,其中高锰酸盐指数和氨氮指标的误差范围与固定式水站监测结果的误差范围相当。     

中美环境影响评价制度若干问题比较

比较中国与美国环境影响评价制度的法律依据，评价范围，评价者与评价内容，中美环境法中均规定了该项制度、但美国法院判例也成为重要依据；与中国不同的是，美国环境影响评价之评价对象的唯一限制条件是“对人类有重大影响”，公众参与原则在美国环境影响评价制度中贯彻较好，美国环境影响报告书包括真实可行的替代方案。     

能源消费与温室气体排放的国际比较

与发达国家及世界平均水平相比,我国的能源利用效率一直不高。通过对目前发展较快的新兴经济体和发达经济体的能耗指标和温室气体排放指标的国际比较,判断了我国能源效率的水平与节能潜力,分析了我国能耗高污染重的原因,明确了改善方向。     

木粉尘职业接触极限值的研究

木头作为原材料得到广泛应用 ,但硬木粉尘 (如橡木和山毛榉粉尘 )可导致人患鼻癌。不同国家的木粉尘的职业接触极限值 (或极限值 )却不尽相同。虽然关于木粉尘的极限值的国际讨论持续已久 ,但仍缺乏更好支持其极限值推导的健康相关数据。为保护木材加工工人的身体健康以及给木粉尘的职业接触极限值的制定机构提供可靠数据和科学决策方面的建议 ,笔者针对怎样为木粉尘 ,特别是致癌木粉尘制定一个合理极限值的问题 ,在“比较”和“设定”两方面对国际范围内的木粉尘的极限值进行了研究 ,其结果表明 ,大部分国家给予软木粉尘和硬木粉尘的极限值分别为 5mg/m3 和 1mg/m3 ;提出利用剂量 -影响 -关系和“线性多阶段”方法也可以给致癌硬木粉尘建立一个健康基础极限值或者一个可接受极限值 ,其极限值应该不仅根据木材类型而且还需根据工作岗位而分别综合设定。     

Applying Gap Analysis and a Comparison Index to Evaluate Protected Areas in Thailand

Protected areas in Thailand were first established 40 years ago. The total area of existing protected areas covers 18.2% of the country’s land area and the Class 1 Watershed, another form of protection, encompasses 18.1%. The government of Thailand intends to increase protected area systems to 25% of the country in 2006 and 30% in 2016. There are always questions arising about how much is enough protected areas to effectively protect biodiversity. The objective of this article is to assess the representation of ecosystems in the protected area network. This article also recommends which underrepresented ecosystems should be added to fill the gaps in representativeness. The research applies a gap analysis and a comparison index to assess the representation of ecosystems within the protected area network. The spatial analyses were applied to measure three aspects of representativeness, namely forest type, altitude, and natural land system. The analyses indicate that the existing protected area system covers 24.4% of the country’s land area, nearly meeting the 25% target proposed by the National Forest Policy; and 83.8% of these areas are under forest cover. Most protected areas are situated in high altitudes, where biological diversity is less than in lowlands. Mangrove forest and riparian floodplain are extremely underrepresented in the existing system. Peat swamp forest, dry dipterocarp forest, and beach forest are relatively well represented. In addition, these five ecosystems are threatened by human pressures and natural disasters; therefore, they should be targeted as high priorities for the selection of new reserves. Future research should incorporate aquatic and marine ecosystems, as well as animal distributions, which were not included in this research due to data unavailabilities.     

高级氧化过程降解X-3B染料的比较研究

实验室研究了多种高级氧化过程对模拟染废水X-3B的降解，并对降解效果作了比较。结果表明，各种高级氧化过程的效率虽各有不同，但当2种过程组合起来处理时，其效果优于某种单一过程。     

微囊藻毒素、藻类提取物和藻细胞裂解液致突变性比较

针对现有文献中不同纯度藻类提取物致突变性的不一致报道．采用Ames试验和UDS试验分析了0．01，0．1、1．0．10nmol／L等不同含量纯毒素的微囊藻毒素、藻类提取物和藻细胞裂解液的致突变性。结果表明。随着微囊藻毒素纯毒素含量的下降．其致突变性增强．说明藻类毒素的不同提取方法可能决定了致突变性测试结果。     

便携式傅立叶变换红外气体分析仪比对氨检测方法的探讨

采用比对方法分别用纳氏试剂分光光度法和便携式傅立叶变换红外气体分析仪检测模拟环境空气中的氨,并对检测结果进行线性相关分析,相对准确度计算以及显著性比较。这两种方法呈线性相关,无显著性差异,并具有良好的一致性。