全文获取类型
收费全文 | 544篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
国内免费 | 352篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 49篇 |
废物处理 | 28篇 |
环保管理 | 43篇 |
综合类 | 601篇 |
基础理论 | 98篇 |
污染及防治 | 91篇 |
评价与监测 | 26篇 |
社会与环境 | 27篇 |
灾害及防治 | 4篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 15篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 31篇 |
2020年 | 39篇 |
2019年 | 48篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 24篇 |
2016年 | 37篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 30篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 63篇 |
2011年 | 56篇 |
2010年 | 40篇 |
2009年 | 52篇 |
2008年 | 47篇 |
2007年 | 53篇 |
2006年 | 54篇 |
2005年 | 39篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有967条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
王涛 《长江流域资源与环境》2012,21(Z1):111-118
南通地区位于长江三角洲北翼,其冰后期的环境变化以最大海侵时期为界,之前为海侵期,表现为海水入侵,陆地面积减少。之后海面趋于稳定,长江泥沙在河口地区持续沉积的作用下,表现为南通地区的逐渐成陆过程。利用收集的84个分布于南通地区及附近的钻孔剖面资料,将其按不同厚度的沉积相进行整理,结合前人研究成果,根据不同的数据基础运用IDW(Inverse Distance Weighted)插值对南通地区冰后期沉积厚度分布和环境变化过程分别进行了初步研究。结果表明:南通地区古河谷区是冰后期主要的泥沙沉积区,沉积物厚度、体积和重量大于北翼地区,北翼前缘沉积要大于后缘。冰后期古河谷区沉积泥沙4 8922×108 t,北翼地区沉积泥沙1 0453×108 t,二者之比约为47〖DK〗∶10,泥沙沉积强度之比约2〖DK〗∶1。从冰后期海侵初期到最大海侵时期,再到南通成陆的晚期,南通地区水域面积比例先由622%上升到95%,再缩减到331%,陆地面积比例先由378%缩减到5%,而后又上升至669%。尽管钻孔资料可以为南通地区有历史记载之前的时期提供宏观的环境变化框架,但由于钻孔资料在测年数据及沉积相的划分方面分辨率较低,在表现南通地区历史时期的环境变化方面存在不足,需要结合考古、文物等历史资料和土壤分布等自然地理信息进行更为详细的研究 相似文献
42.
垃圾填埋场甲烷氧化菌及甲烷通量的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用静态箱法、滚管计数法和气相色谱法,对6个不同封场时间填埋区的甲烷通量、覆土层甲烷氧化菌数量和甲烷氧化速率的变化趋势进行了测定,并分析了它们与封场时间、植被覆盖率等因素之间的相关性。结果发现6个填埋区甲烷通量的变化范围在-0.34~5.31 mg/(m2.h)之间;覆土层甲烷氧化菌的数量范围为3.10×107~20.77×107 cfu/g干土,甲烷氧化速率在1.65×10-8~4.34×10-8mol/(h.g)之间。覆土层甲烷氧化菌的数量与甲烷氧化速率呈正相关,但前者并不是后者的决定性因素;甲烷通量高时可刺激甲烷氧化菌数量及氧化速率的提高,且三者均与封场时间呈显著负相关,与植被覆盖率呈负相关;当含水率大于15%时,随着覆土层含水率的增加,甲烷氧化速率呈下降趋势;覆土pH、有机质和铵态氮与甲烷氧化速率等无明显相关性。提高覆土层的甲烷氧化速率可有效减少垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放。 相似文献
43.
44.
Influence of temporally variable groundwater flow conditions on point measurements and contaminant mass flux estimations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Arno Rein Sebastian Bauer Peter Dietrich Christof Beyer 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,108(3-4):118-133
Monitoring of contaminant concentrations, e.g., for the estimation of mass discharge or contaminant degradation rates, often is based on point measurements at observation wells. In addition to the problem, that point measurements may not be spatially representative, a further complication may arise due to the temporal dynamics of groundwater flow, which may cause a concentration measurement to be not temporally representative. This paper presents results from a numerical modeling study focusing on temporal variations of the groundwater flow direction. “Measurements” are obtained from point information representing observation wells installed along control planes using different well frequencies and configurations. Results of the scenario simulations show that temporally variable flow conditions can lead to significant temporal fluctuations of the concentration and thus are a substantial source of uncertainty for point measurements. Temporal variation of point concentration measurements may be as high as the average concentration determined, especially near the plume fringe, even when assuming a homogeneous distribution of the hydraulic conductivity. If a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity field is present, the concentration variability due to a fluctuating groundwater flow direction varies significantly within the control plane and between the different realizations. Determination of contaminant mass fluxes is also influenced by the temporal variability of the concentration measurement, especially for large spacings of the observation wells. Passive dosimeter sampling is found to be appropriate for evaluating the stationarity of contaminant plumes as well as for estimating average concentrations over time when the plume has fully developed. Representative sampling has to be performed over several periods of groundwater flow fluctuation. For the determination of mass fluxes at heterogeneous sites, however, local fluxes, which may vary considerably along a control plane, have to be accounted for. Here, dosimeter sampling in combination with time integrated local water flux measurements can improve mass flux estimates under dynamic flow conditions. 相似文献
45.
三峡库区香溪河流域非点源营养盐输出变化的试验研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
综合三峡库区香溪河流域土地利用结构和水系特点,在三大支流出口处设置常规水质监测断面,于干流响滩处设置水文控制断面,通过断面水质水量监测,利用数字滤波法解析径流多源和污染多源,研究上游来流点源和非点源营养盐输出负荷变化。结果表明:受农业非点源污染影响,TN是高岚河(0788 mg/L)>古夫河(0712 mg/L)>南阳河(0567 mg/L);南阳河受磷矿企业点源输入的影响,TP是南阳河(0323 mg/L)>高岚河(0074 mg/L)>古夫河(0053 mg/L);断面流量与降雨量的相关系数〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗2=0720 2;TN和TP非点源年负荷输出分别占总量的61%和40%的, 20100607次降雨径流监测分析发现此次降雨汇流期间营养盐TN和TP输出的非点源贡献率分别达752%和709%;营养盐负荷主要受径流量影响,TN和TP输出负荷与流量的相关系数分别是0963 6和0978 9 相似文献
46.
L.Q. Xu L.G. Sun H. Yan Y.H. Luo Y.H. Wang 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(5):362-368
Several natural and anthropogenic radionuclides (210Pb, 226Ra and 137Cs) in guano-phosphatic coral sediments and pure guano particles collected from Ganquan, Guangjin, Jinqing and Jinyin Islands of the Xisha archipelago, South China Sea, were analyzed. The Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model and the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model were applied for age calculation. The average supply rate of 210Pb was 126 Bq m−2 a−1, very close to the flux of northern hemisphere average (125 Bq m−2 a−1). The activities of anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments were very low, indicating that human nuclear tests did not notably impact this region. The main source of radionuclides in the sediments was from atmospheric precipitation, and the organic matter derived from plant and produced by nutrient-rich guano could further enhance them. 相似文献
47.
随着城市化进程的加速和城市人口规模的增加,城市已成为最大的碳源,研究城市生态系统对大气二氧化碳的贡献成为碳循环研究的焦点问题之一。基于研究区域内土地利用现状和一年的涡动观测系统观测数据,结合地理信息技术(Arc GIS)和通量计算工具(Eddypro及ART Footprint Tool)以及碳通量足迹模型分析了上海奉贤大学城碳通量足迹特征,基于此探讨不同下垫面类型,包括以草本和木本等透水层为主的下垫面(称为自然系统),以建筑物、道路等不透水层为主的下垫面(称为社会系统)碳通量的变化特征。研究结果表明:1)在不同风向上,碳通量贡献区范围随着大气稳定度的增加而扩大。大气处于稳定条件下,非主风向上的碳通量贡献区范围(最大范围1 100 m)比主风向上的碳通量贡献区范围(最大范围780m)要大;当大气处于不稳定条件下时主风向和非主风向下的碳通量贡献区范围相差不大(最大范围分别为321和351m)。2)不同下垫面其源汇特征不同,以绿色植物为主的自然系统年碳通量均值为–4.1μmol/m~2/s,表现为碳汇;社会系统的年碳通量均值为8.6μmol/m~2/s,表现为碳源。3)自然系统的碳通量日变化具有较明显的季节分异,变化特征大致呈"U"型;社会系统的碳通量日变化没有明显的季节分异,变化特征大致呈"M"型。绿色植物对城市生态系统的大气二氧化碳有降低作用,结合自然和社会系统的碳通量变化特征可以为以后合理规划城市布局,建立低碳城市提供服务。 相似文献
48.
A.J. Nunn U. Metzger R. Matyssek 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(6):2014-2022
Stomatal O3 fluxes to a mixed beech/spruce stand (Fagus sylvatica/Picea abies) in Central Europe were determined using two different approaches. The sap flow technique yielded the tree-level transpiration, whereas the eddy covariance method provided the stand-level evapotranspiration. Both data were then converted into stomatal ozone fluxes, exemplifying this novel concept for July 2007. Sap flow-based stomatal O3 flux was 33% of the total O3 flux, whereas derivation from evapotranspiration rates in combination with the Penman-Monteith algorithm amounted to 47%. In addition to this proportional difference, the sap flow-based assessment yielded lower levels of stomatal O3 flux and reflected stomatal regulation rather than O3 exposure, paralleling the daily courses of canopy conductance for water vapor and eddy covariance-based total stand-level O3 flux. The demonstrated combination of sap flow and eddy covariance approaches supports the development of O3 risk assessment in forests from O3 exposure towards flux-based concepts. 相似文献
49.
Shigekazu Hirao Hiromi Yamazawa Jun Moriizumi 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(11):974-984
When used with an atmospheric transport model, the 222Rn flux distribution estimated in our previous study using soil transport theory caused underestimation of atmospheric 222Rn concentrations as compared with measurements in East Asia. In this study, we applied a Bayesian synthesis inverse method to produce revised estimates of the annual 222Rn flux density in Asia by using atmospheric 222Rn concentrations measured at seven sites in East Asia. The Bayesian synthesis inverse method requires a prior estimate of the flux distribution and its uncertainties. The atmospheric transport model MM5/HIRAT and our previous estimate of the 222Rn flux distribution as the prior value were used to generate new flux estimates for the eastern half of the Eurasian continent dividing into 10 regions.The 222Rn flux densities estimated using the Bayesian inversion technique were generally higher than the prior flux densities. The area-weighted average 222Rn flux density for Asia was estimated to be 33.0 mBq m−2 s−1, which is substantially higher than the prior value (16.7 mBq m−2 s−1). The estimated 222Rn flux densities decrease with increasing latitude as follows: Southeast Asia (36.7 mBq m−2 s−1); East Asia (28.6 mBq m−2 s−1) including China, Korean Peninsula and Japan; and Siberia (14.1 mBq m−2 s−1). Increase of the newly estimated fluxes in Southeast Asia, China, Japan, and the southern part of Eastern Siberia from the prior ones contributed most significantly to improved agreement of the model-calculated concentrations with the atmospheric measurements. The sensitivity analysis of prior flux errors and effects of locally exhaled 222Rn showed that the estimated fluxes in Northern and Central China, Korea, Japan, and the southern part of Eastern Siberia were robust, but that in Central Asia had a large uncertainty. 相似文献
50.
Ranjan Mukherjee Animita Barua Ujjaini Sarkar Bijay Kumar De Alak Kumar Mandal 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2009,3(5):664-672
The rice fields, depleted of O2, contain large amount of moisture and organic substrates to provide an ideal anaerobic environment for methanogenesis and are one of the principal anthropogenic sources of methane. In order to mitigate this emission Alternative Electron Acceptors (AEA) were altered in the soil. The experiments were carried out in four seasons at the site of Balarampur, near Baruipur, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, namely September–December, 2005 (Cultivar: Sundari), February–May, 2006 (Cultivar: Sundari), September–December, 2006 and February–May, 2007 (Cultivar: Swarna-Pankaj). The seasonal average methane flux (Fe treated), for the cultivar type “Sundari” (season: September–December, 2005), is 4.41 t ha−1, as compared to the value of 6.40 t ha−1 for the untreated soil. Similarly for February–May, 2006, the seasonal average methane flux (Fe treated) is 5.52 t ha−1, whereas the untreated flux is 5.69 t ha−1. In the third and fourth seasons we had two treatments with Ammonium Thiosulphate and Ferric Hydroxide. The seasonal average methane flux (treatment: Ammonium Thiosulphate) is 4.35 t ha−1 and 5.41 t ha−1 respectively, whereas for the ferric hydroxide treated soil it is 4.35 t ha−1 and 6.14 t ha−1 respectively. The properties related to the nutrient quality of the harvested paddy seeds supplement these results. 相似文献