减小浊度对水中六价铬测定产生影响的方法

简要介绍了二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定六价铬时,几种减小浊度对测定产生影响的较为适用、快捷的预处理方式.     

取代苯类化合物对斑马鱼急性毒性的QSAR研究

该文基于定量-构效关系(QSAR)原理,研究了26种取代苯类化合物与斑马鱼的48 h急性毒性(-lgLC50)之间的内在定量关系。利用AM1量子化学计算方法,首先计算了8种典型量子化学参数与斑马鱼48 h-lgLC50的相关性;然后通过逐步多元线性回归(MLR)方法建立了取代苯类化合物对斑马鱼48 h-lgLC50的QSAR模型,并对所建模型分别进行了内部验证和外部验证,所得复相关系数R2=0.942;最后利用QSAR模型,分析了取代苯类化合物量子化学参数对斑马鱼48 h-lgLC50的影响。结果表明:正辛醇—水分配系数(LogP)与-lgLC50的相关性最大,负电性[-(L+H)/2]与-lgLC50负相关。所得QSAR模型具有较高的稳定性及预测能力,可以用来预测取代苯类化合物对斑马鱼的急性毒性。     

层次化健康风险评估方法在苯污染场地的应用及效益评估

以北京某大型苯污染场地为例,详细介绍了如何开展层次化健康风险评估.同时,结合场地污染调查结果,比较了不同层次风险评价确定的土壤苯修复目标、修复量及修复成本的差异.结果表明,在1×10-6可接受致癌风险水平下,该场地第二层次风险评价确定的0～1.5 m深度范围内土壤苯修复目标为0.26 mg·kg-1、1.5～10 m范围内土壤苯修复目标为0.15mg·kg-1,相应的土壤修复量约为292 759 m3,修复成本约2.06亿元.但是,基于该场地苯污染区域土壤气中苯浓度进行的第三层次风险评价确定的0～1.5 m深度范围内土壤苯修复目标为2.6 mg·kg-1、1.5～10 m范围内土壤苯修复目标为1.5mg·kg-1,相应的土壤修复量约为153 222 m3,减少139 537 m3,修复成本为1.49亿元,减少了5 700万元,修复成本的降低远多于因开展第三层次风险评价所付出的约10万元的成本.因此,对于类似大型VOCs污染场地,开采第三层次健康风险评价能够节省大量修复成本、带来巨大的经济效益.     

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for benzene catalytic combustion

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.     

Unregulated emissions from diesel engine with particulate filter using Fe-based fuel borne catalyst

The alteration and formation of toxic compounds and potential changes in the toxicity of emissions when using after-treatment technologies have gained wide attention. Volatile organic compound（VOC）, carbonyl compound and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon（PAH） emissions were tested at European Steady State Cycle（ESC） to study unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with a fuel-borne catalyst and diesel particulate filter（FBC–DPF）. An Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst was used for this study. According to the results, brake specific emissions of total VOCs without and with DPF were 4.7 and4.9 mg/kWh, respectively, showing a 4.3% increase. Benzene and n-undecane emissions increased and toluene emission decreased, while other individual VOC emissions basically had no change. When retrofitted with the FBC–DPF, total carbonyl compound emission decreased 15.7%, from 25.8 to 21.8 mg/kWh. The two highest carbonyls, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, were reduced from 20.0 and 3.7 to 16.5 and 3.3 mg/kWh respectively. The specific reactivity（SR） with DPF was reduced from 6.68 to 6.64 mg/kWh. Total particle-phase PAH emissions decreased 66.4% with DPF compared to that without DPF. However, the Benzo[a]pyrene equivalent（BaPeq） with DPF had increased from 0.016 to 0.030 mg/kWh.Fluoranthene and Pyrene had the greatest decrease, 91.1% and 88.4% respectively. The increase of two- and three-ring PAHs with DPF indicates that the fuel-borne catalyst caused some gas-phase PAHs to adsorb on particles. The results of this study expand the knowledge of the effects of using a particulate filter and a Fe-based fuel-borne catalyst on diesel engine unregulated emissions.     

环境空气中苯系物污染物的快速定量研究

本文采用便携式GC/MS仪器对大气中痕量苯系物污染物的快速定量分析进行研究。对比实验结果表明,全扫描和选择离子扫描两种扫描方式下苯系物测定结果的相对标准偏差分别在5.1%²8.4%和13%28.4%和13%¹9%之间,回收率范围分别为46%19%之间,回收率范围分别为46%¹86%和60%186%和60%¹10%,方法检出限范围分别为2.504110%,方法检出限范围分别为2.504¹0.63 ug/m3和0.49410.63 ug/m3和0.494².399 ug/m3。总体而言,选择离子扫描方式在测定结果的精密度与准确度上均优于全扫描方式。     

试析气相色谱法测定环境空气中苯系物的要点

随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,我国的环境污染问题越来越严峻。苯系物作为空气污染物中的重要一种,其对人体的健康有着非常大的危害。本文从气相色谱法测定环境空气中苯系物浓度的原理及方法出发,对影响测定结果的因素进行了分析。     

石化企业苯类物质非密闭操作过程的职业暴露分析

采用职业卫生学调查和职业暴露风险评估方法,对选定的苯类物质非密闭操作过程较集中的芳烃装置进行职业暴露分析和评估,为石化企业苯类物质的健康风险控制提供依据。     

顶空毛细柱气相色谱法测定水中七种苯系物研究

选用Elite-FFAP色谱柱,利用顶空-毛细柱气相色谱技术对水中的苯、甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯七种挥发性苯系物进行同时测定,并对样品的平衡温度、保温时间、程序升温的条件控制、水中含盐量等影响因素进行了探讨,优化了检测条件,使七种挥发性苯系物得到不错的分离。样品平衡温度控制在70℃,样品平衡时间19 min,进样口温度180℃,检测器温度230℃,10 mL水样中加入4 g NaCl的条件下,分离效果最佳。     

蚯蚓细胞色素P450酶系对土壤中芘或苯并[a]芘的响应

以赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为受试生物,通过人工污染草甸棕壤微宇宙试验方法,研究了暴露于不同环境浓度芘或苯并[a]芘(添加量分别为0.12、0.24、0.48、0.96 mg·kg~(-1))污染的土壤中14 d后,蚯蚓体内细胞色素P450(CYPs)酶系,如CYPs总量、CYP1A1及CYP2C9活性的变化.结果显示,芘或苯并[a]芘暴露导致蚯蚓CYPs总量、CYP1A1及CYP2C9活性的变化不同.其中,CYPs总量与CYP1A1活性对芘的响应趋势相似:试验3 d后,0.96 mg·kg~(-1)芘导致二者都显著高于对照水平;14 d后,都显著低于对照水平;CYP1A1活性对芘的响应更为敏感.CYPs总量与CYP2C9活性对苯并[a]芘的响应趋势相似:暴露初期,苯并[a]芘最高暴露剂量(0.96 mg·kg~(-1))导致二者都显著低于对照水平;试验结束后,苯并[a]芘最低暴露剂量(0.12 mg·kg~(-1))导致二者都显著高于对照水平,最高剂量暴露导致二者都显著低于对照水平,CYP2C9活性对苯并[a]芘的响应更为敏感.因此,推断CYPs亚酶对污染物的响应具有选择性且亚酶的响应敏感度高于CYPs总量.将CYPs总量与CYP1A1活性结合,或与CYP2C9活性结合分别诊断土壤芘污染或并[a]芘污染,较为准确有效.