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排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 359 毫秒
51.
Adsorption and desorption of 137Cs by acid sulphate soils from the Nakhon Nayok province, South Central Plain of Thailand located near the Ongkarak Nuclear Research Center (ONRC) were investigated using a batch equilibration technique. The influence of added limestone (12 and 18 tons ha?1) on 137Cs adsorption–desorption was studied. Based on Freundlich isotherms, both adsorption and desorption of 137Cs were nonlinear. A large portion (98.26–99.97%) of added 137Cs (3.7?×?103?7.03?×?105 Bq l?1) was sorbed by the soils with or without added lime. The higher lime treatments, however, favoured stronger adsorption of 137Cs as compared with soil with no lime, which was supported by higher K ads values. The addition of lime, the cation exchange capacity and pH of the soil increased and hence favoured the stronger adsorption of 137Cs. Acid sulphate soils with a high clay content, medium to high organic matter, high CEC, and predominant clay types consisting of a mixture of illite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite were the main soil factors contributing to the high 137Cs adsorption capacity. Competing cations such as NH4 +, K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ had little influence on 137Cs adsorption as compared with liming, where a significant positive correlation between K ads and soil pH was observed. The 137Cs adsorption–desorption characteristics of the acid sulphate soils studied exhibited a very strong irreversible sorption pattern. Only a small portion (0.09–0.58%) of 137Cs adsorbed at the highest added initial 137Cs concentration was desorbed by four successive soil extractions. Results clearly demonstrated that Nakhon Nayok province acid sulphate soils have a high 137Cs adsorption capacity, which limits the 137Cs bioavailability. 相似文献
52.
Kiyohiko Nakasaki Naoki Akakura Minoru Takemoto 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(1):31-37
The degradation pattern of organic materials was confirmed by continuously measuring the quantity of CO2 evolved during the composting process in both batch and fed-batch operations. It was possible to predict the degradation
pattern for organic material during a fed-batch operation from that observed during a batch operation after corrections made
on the basis of two suppositions. First, it was assumed that the degradation of dog food (which degrades easily) occurred
prior to the degradation of the bulking agent and seeding material that were contained in the raw compost mixture; second,
it was assumed that the dog food thrown into the fed-batch operation, where the microorganisms were already proliferating,
began to be actively degraded with only a short lag time.
Received: June 16, 1998 / Accepted: August 7, 1999 相似文献
53.
54.
膜法处理垃圾渗滤液新技术实验研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
将改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX膜组合处理工艺相结合,应用于沈阳某垃圾场垃圾渗滤液处理工程实例中。通过实验,分析了COD、NH3-N等指标的处理效率以及影响因素,最终得出改进间歇式活性污泥法与FIL-MAX组合工艺处理在一定程度上改善膜污染、膜堵塞等常见问题。 相似文献
55.
Removal of congo red dye from water using carbon slurry waste 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A cheaper adsorbent has been prepared from carbon slurry waste obtained from National Fertilizer Limited (NFL), Panipat and investigated for the removal of congo red, an anionic dye. Its adsorption on prepared carbonaceous adsorbent was studied as a function of contact time, concentration and temperature. The results have shown that carbonaceous adsorbent adsorbs dye to a sufficient extent (272 mg g-1). A comparative study of adsorption results with those obtained on activated charcoal shows that the carbonaceous adsorbent is ~95% efficient as compared to activated charcoal. Thus, it can be fruitfully used for the removal of dyes from wastewaters.This work has been presented at the National Symposium on Biochemical Sciences: Health and Environmental Aspects (BSHEA—2003), Agra, India (2003). 相似文献
56.
WILLIAM C. KOSKINEN PAMELA J. RICE JEFFERY SEEBINGER 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):323-331
To assess the risk of a pesticide to leach to groundwater or to run off to surface water after application, it is necessary to characterize the sorption of the pesticide to soil. For pyrethroids, their hydrophobicity, strong sorption to various materials, and low solubility make it difficult to accurately characterize sorption processes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the variability in cyfluthrin ((RS)-α -cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) sorption to soil as affected by experiment conditions. To minimize cyfluthrin sorption on the walls of glass, silanized-glass, stainless steel, and PTFE centrifuge tubes, cyfluthrin solution was added to aqueous soil slurries or directly to soil, after which it was equilibrated with aqueous solution. Depending on the soil, variation in sorption coefficients, K oc, obtained using different experimental methodologies with one soil can be comparable to the variation in K oc values obtained for soils with different physical and chemical properties using one method. K oc values for cyfluthrin ranged from 56,000 to 300,000 L kg?1. Sorption methodology needs to be evaluated before sorption coefficients are used in predictive transport models. 相似文献
57.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) are aliphatic polyesters accumulated intracellularly by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, compared to the PHAs of Gramnegative bacteria, few endotoxins(lipopolysaccharides, LPS), which would be co-purified with PHAs and cause immunogenic reactions, are found in the PHAs produced by Gram-positive bacteria. A thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium K5, which exhibited good growth and polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)-accumulating ability, has been isolated and characterized from a biotrickling filter designed for the removal of NOx from flue gas in a coal-fired power plant in China. Based on the biochemical characterization and 16 S rRNA gene sequence(Genbank accession no. JX437933), the strain K5 has been identified as Bacillus shackletonii, which has rarely been reported in the literature, and this report is the first time that B. shackletonii has been found to accumulate PHB. The strain K5 was able to utilize glucose as carbon source to synthesize PHB at a broad range of temperatures(from 35 to 50 °C), and the ideal temperature was 45 °C. The strain K5 could effectively yield PHB of up to 69.9% of its cell dry weight(CDW)(2.28 g/L) in flask experiments employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C, followed by 56.8% and 52.3% of its CDW when using sodium succinate and glycerol as carbon source, respectively. For batch cultivation, the strain K5 was able to produce PHB of up to 72.6% of its cell dry weight(9.76 g/L) employing glucose as carbon source at 45 °C and pH 7.0. 相似文献
58.
Thermal safety and risk of accidents are still challenging topics in the case of batch reactors carrying exothermic reactions. In the present paper, the authors develop an integrated framework focusing on defining the governing parameters for the thermal runaway and evaluating the subsequent risk of accident. A relevant set of criteria are identified in order to find the prior conditions for a thermal runaway: failure of the cooling system, critical temperature threshold, successive derivatives of the temperature (first and second namely) vs. time and no detection in due time (reaction time) of the runaway initiation. For illustrative purposes, the synthesis of peracetic acid (PAA) with hydrogen peroxide (HP) and acetic acid (AA) is considered as case study. The critical and threshold values for the runaway accident are identified for selected sets of input data. Under the conditional probability of prior cooling system failure, Monte Carlo simulations are performed in order to estimate the risk of thermal runaway accident in batch reactors. It becomes then possible to predict the ratio of reactors, within an industrial plant, potentially subject to thermal runaway accident. 相似文献
59.
石化厂以氯醇法生产环氧乙烷过程中排出的皂化废水有机物含量高?含盐量高,并呈强碱性?废水中的物质对厌氧微生物产生强烈的抑制?静态试验表明,消除无机物后,抑制程度减轻?动态试验表明,在水力停留时间≥4d,有机容积负荷COD≤2.0kg/(m2·d)的条件下,取得了较好的厌氧处理效果? 相似文献