污泥烧结轻骨料调质影响研究

研究了污泥添加不同比例的SiO₂,Al₂O₃,CaCO₃和Na₂CO₃后的烧结体建材性能,并从晶体相反应机理角度讨论了添加剂改变烧结体建材性能的作用机理.结果表明,添加硅、铝能显著提高烧结体的抗压强度,硅是玻璃体成陶组分,对提高烧结体的抗压强度主要发挥物理作用;铝主要与污泥中的磷反应生成类似石英结构的AlPO₄高强晶体. 添加钠能增加烧结体的熔融液相,降低烧结体的吸水率,但烧结体变脆抗压强度降低. 添加钙增大吸水率,降低抗压强度. 此外,硅、铝会导致烧结体烧结温度提高,钠则能显著降低烧结温度.      

热镀锌过程污染综合防治改造工程实践

热镀锌生产是传统的重污染行业,单纯的"三废"治理,不仅存在着治理费用高,且存在着"二次污染"的问题。通过以广州某热镀锌生产污染综合防治改造工程为例,全面分析生产过程中存在的污染源,通过对生产工艺进行改造,提高原料及能源利用率,减少污染物的产生,实现污染的全过程综合防治,在此基础上,总结成功实施的经验,为类似项目的污染防治工作提供参考和借鉴。     

Long-term declining in carbon monoxide (CO) at a rural site of Beijing during 2006–2018 implies the improved combustion efficiency and effective emission control

Carbon monoxide (CO) is primarily the result of incomplete combustion, which has important impacts on the atmospheric chemical cycle and climate. Improved quantitative characterization of long-term CO trends is important for both atmospheric modeling and the design and implementation of policies to efficiently control multiple pollutants. Due to the limitations of high time-resolution and high-quality long-term observational data, studies on long-term trends in the CO concentration in China are quite limited. In this study, the observational data of the concentration of CO in a rural site of Beijing during 2006–2018 was used to analyze the long-term trend in CO concentration in Beijing. The Theil-Sen method and the generalized additive model (GAM)-based method, were used to conduct the trend estimation analysis. We found that the concentration of CO at the Shangdianzi site showed a significant downward trend during 2006–2018, with a decline rate of 22.8 ± 5.1 ppbV per year. The declining trend in CO also showed phasic characteristics, with a fast decreasing rate during the period of 2006–2008, stable variations during the period of 2009–2013 and a continuous downward trend after 2013. The declining trend in the CO concentration in the south to west (S-W) sectors where the polluted air masses come from is more rapid than that in the sectors where the clean air masses come from. The declining trend in the CO concentration implies the improved combustion efficiency and the successful air pollution control policies in Beijing and the surrounding area.     

聚脲弹性体阻燃改性的研究进展

介绍了聚脲的特性与燃烧机制,从添加型和反应型2个方面总结了聚脲阻燃改性的研究现状,包括添加卤系、磷系、氮系、纳米阻燃剂,以及通过化学反应引入阻燃元素及结构等方法,系统分析了阻燃机理及各自优缺点。提出添加型阻燃剂存在与基体相容性不佳的问题,反应型阻燃改性技术难度大,但是不存在界面问题,结合不同阻燃剂的优势可实现协同提升的效果。研究结果为提高聚脲阻燃性能提供了技术参考。     

动物饲料中砷、铜和锌调查及分析

在广东省采集市售鸡、猪配合饲料样本70个和76个,调查评价其中砷、铜、锌形态和含量,并考察常用有机胂添加剂洛克沙胂(ROX)的稳定性.结果表明,鸡、猪料平均总As含量分别为3.6 mg·kg-1和6.5 mg·kg-1,总Cu含量为18.2 mg·kg-1和119.4 mg·kg-1,总Zn含量为124.6 mg·kg-1和486.2 mg·kg-1.按照国家相关限量标准,如考虑到可能添加了有机胂,饲料总As超标现象较少,猪料Cu、Zn超标现象较为普遍.Zn、Cu、As在饲料中添加量较高成为它们在禽畜粪中残留较高的根本原因.另外,有25.4%的饲料样本检出有机胂,且普遍同时含有As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)杂质.检出ROX和阿散酸(p-ASA)含量平均分别为7.0 mg·kg-1和21.2 mg·kg-1.鸡、猪料中各有24.3%和26.3%的样本检出有机胂.鸡料中常用ROX,而猪料常用p-ASA.ROX及其无机砷杂质在添加剂和饲料中均在室温至少30 d内保持形态稳定,说明饲料中较高含量的无机砷杂质很可能源自有机胂添加剂中的砷杂质.对相关从业人员而言,这是一种新的砷暴露途径.     

抗高温环保钻井液体系研究

文章选择清洁环保的钻井液处理剂进行抗高温钻井液体系实验研究与评价,对包被增粘剂、降失水剂等进行优选,对抗高温环保钻井液配方进行评价,研究出无毒、无害,抗温能力强、流变性好,失水较低的钻井液体系,现场应用满足高温深井的钻井生产要求。     

The influences of climate and hydrology on population dynamics of waterbirds in the lower Murrumbidgee River floodplains in Southeast Australia: Implications for environmental water management

Restoration of waterbird diversity and abundance is a key objective of river system management in Australia. Therefore, understanding the effects of climatic and hydrological variables on waterbird population dynamics is fundamental for successful river restoration programs. We investigated the population dynamics of waterbirds (total abundance) and seven functional waterbird groups in the floodplains of lower Murrumbidgee River. We found a general declining abundance trend from 1983 to 2007, except for the deep water foragers. We modelled the relative contribution of the climatic and hydrological factors to waterbird population decrease using the generalized additive model (GAM) framework after identifying the negative binomial distribution. Most of the seven functional groups were positively related to both annual rainfall and water usage, defined as the total water volume intercepted by the river reach, and the models indicated that rainfall was slightly more important. Temperature also played a role in waterbird abundance: the maximum summer temperature negatively influenced the abundance of dabbling ducks, shoreline foragers and fish eaters, while the minimum winter temperature positively affected the abundance of dabbling ducks and shoreline foragers. Overall, our results support the practice of providing environmental water for sustaining waterbird populations. However, environmental water provision is likely to be most effective when timed to coincide with antecedent rainfall.     

A multiple additive regression tree analysis of three exposure measures during Hurricane Katrina

This paper analyses structural and personal exposure to Hurricane Katrina. Structural exposure is measured by flood height and building damage; personal exposure is measured by the locations of 911 calls made during the response. Using these variables, this paper characterises the geography of exposure and also demonstrates the utility of a robust analytical approach in understanding health‐related challenges to disadvantaged populations during recovery. Analysis is conducted using a contemporary statistical approach, a multiple additive regression tree (MART), which displays considerable improvement over traditional regression analysis. By using MART, the percentage of improvement in R‐squares over standard multiple linear regression ranges from about 62 to more than 100 per cent. The most revealing finding is the modelled verification that African Americans experienced disproportionate exposure in both structural and personal contexts. Given the impact of exposure to health outcomes, this finding has implications for understanding the long‐term health challenges facing this population.     

膨化法制备固体聚合硫酸铁技术

以硫铁矿烧渣为原料,采用膨化技术制备得到固体聚合硫酸铁(SPFS).结果表明,在硫铁矿烧渣酸浸液中加入适量绿矾后进行加热,蒸发浓缩,当水分蒸发率为30.75%,反应温度为60℃,加入膨化剂氯酸钠,反应之后于60℃干燥12h即可得到SPFS.添加脱水明矾,干燥时间缩短为3h;;添加SPFS粉末,干燥时间缩短为4h.表面扫描电镜(SEM)实验结果表明,膨化法所得到的SPFS为片状、疏松体,加入脱水明矾和SPFS粉末,其SPFS片状体增大.XRD实验表明,SPFS化学式为Fe4.67(SO4)6(OH)·220H2O,加入添加剂脱水明矾和SPFS粉末,所得SPFS结构不变.与传统制备SPFS方法相比,膨化法制备SPFS具有干燥时间短、能耗低、设备简单、生产成本低等优点.     

西南某地粘土对U吸附的动态模拟实验研究

选择西南某地正电荷发育的弱酸性粘土TY4作为吸附介质,加5%Ca(OH)2作为添加剂制作模拟屏障,用模拟核废液对介质做动态淋滤实验,得出了铀浓度随流量、pH值的变化曲线。实验结果表明,随高度增加屏障的吸附性能增大,渗透系数减小。屏障在pH为11和9附近时吸附效果较强。