火龙果果皮色素的提取及稳定性研究

研究了火龙果果皮色素提取的最佳条件、提取液的稳定性和各种添加剂对提取液稳定性的影响。     

枇杷核中提取苦杏仁甙的研究

研究了3个枇杷品种的出核率，利用高效液相色谱检测苦杏仁甙的含量，以及从枇杷核中提取苦杏仁甙的工艺。结果表明，3个品种烘干后核的得率存在显著差异，干核的年产量很大，有综合开发利用价值；提取溶剂以乙醇为好，最合理的工艺组合为：在原料中按料液比1：10加入浓度为80％的乙醇，在65℃时回流提取50min。在40℃功率为80W的条件下超声处理25min。合理选择品种是提高苦杏仁甙得率的关键。     

采油厂HSE监督检查管理系统创建实践研究

本文根据采油厂生产过程风险特点,以生产单元为对象,通过建立全员参与的HSE监督检查体系,实现对采油厂HSE监督检查标准的统一规范,利用开发的HSE监督检查信息集成平台,创建完成采油厂HSE监督检查管理系统。在大庆油田第五采油厂的应用实践显示,其能为采油厂带来巨大的风险管理效益,是全面落实直线与属地HSE责任的有效载体。对于采油厂有效实施HSE监督检查具有重大意义,是HSE管理制度的一种创新。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测地表水中11种酚类化合物

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定地表水中11种酚类化合物的方法。水样经过全自动固相萃取仪富集,以HLB柱为萃取柱,乙腈(含1%乙酸)为洗脱剂,用高效液相色谱仪分析定量。该方法在0.5~5.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 6~0.999 9,11种酚类化合物的纯水加标回收率为82.0%~111%,地表水加标回收率为98.5%~116%,精密度为3.58%~4.67%,检出限为1×10-4~5×10-4mg/L,该方法简单实用、准确可靠,可用于地表水中酚类化合物的同时测定。     

丹江口水库表层沉积物不同形态氮的赋存特征及其生物有效性

为了揭示丹江口水库沉积物氮空间分布特征及其生物有效性,采用连续分级提取法研究了表层沉积物中可交换态氮(Exchangeable nitrogen,EN)、酸解态氮(Acid hydrolysable nitrogen,HN)及残渣态氮(Residue nitrogen,RN)的赋存特征,同时结合生物可利用态氮的含量,探讨了各形态氮对生物可利用态氮的贡献。结果表明,丹江口水库沉积物中总氮(Total nitrogen,TN)在425~5796 mg/kg之间,平均为1 319.32 mg/kg,其中EN、HN和RN的平均值相对比例为2.15∶1.95∶1,且各形态氮含量的空间分布呈入库河流大于库区开阔区域的特征,尤其在丹江、老灌河以及犟河-堵河入库口的含量较大。潜在矿化氮(Potential mineralized nitrogen,PMN)含量在40.20~1 468.95 mg/kg之间,平均为275.06 mg/kg,其中EN对丹江口水库沉积物PMN的贡献较大,比例在19.85%~90.80%之间,平均为63.47%。各形态氮在不同的水环境条件下发生迁移转化,保持着水-沉积物界面氮的动态平衡。     

A conceptual approach to model sand–gravel extraction from rivers based on a game theory perspective

Sand–gravel mining is a significant parameter of economic development and social welfare function in modern societies. As demand for aggregate increases in construction industry, conflicts for the availability of the resource and environmental impacts become more intense. The present paper describes the contested status quo in riverbed sand–gravel mining activities with an example from Greece, as a case study. The scope is to propose a methodology about good governance of the mining sector that promotes a sustainable sharing of aggregate resource by securing environment and safekeeping revenues in the mining trade market.     

Determination of Au(III) and Pd(II) ions by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in some environmental samples after solid phase extraction

A simple and sensitive solid phase extraction method was developed for simultaneous separation and preconcentration of gold and palladium ions with N-(4-methylphenyl)-2-{[(4-phenyl-5-pyridine-4-yl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio]acetyl}hydrazine carbo thioamide complex on Amberlite XAD-1180 resin before their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some analytical parameters such as HNO₃ concentration of the sample solution, amount of complexing agent, sample volume, eluent type and volume, effects of foreign ions and adsorption capacity of the resin were investigated for quantitative recovery of gold and palladium ions. The effects of some anions and cations were also examined. Under optimum conditions, the detection limits for gold and palladium ions were found to be 0.29 and 0.19 μg L^?1, respectively. The preconcentration factor for gold and palladium was 250. After being validated by standard addition and analysis of standard reference material, the procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of sea and stream water, anodic slime, gold ore, soil and electronic waste.     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中氯苯类化合物

采用顶空固相微萃取（HS －SPME）技术萃取水中6种氯苯类化合物，全面分析对目标物萃取效率的影响因素，并确定萃取试验的最佳条件。用顶空固相微萃取联合气相色谱法（HS －SPME －GC）测定水中6种氯苯类化合物，方法在0.500 ng／L～2.00×10^5 ng／L范围内线性良好，检出限为0.05 ng／L ～2000 ng／L，空白样品加标回收率为69.8％～121％， RSD为4.8％～18.3％。用该方法测定实际水样，平行双样的相对偏差低于20％。     

瓦斯抽采PC-CAS基封孔材料优化及其膨胀作用分析*

为了研制以硅酸盐/铝酸盐水泥、生石灰、生石膏为主的PC-CAS基封孔材料，采用正交试验优化材料配比、开展膨胀力研究，并用扫描电镜观测料-煤胶结形貌。研究结果表明:材料的最优配比为A2B2C4，其具备优良的流动性、强度及致密性，造浆量达2 100 mL/kg；PC-CAS基材料具有显著的膨胀性，其膨胀力随时间先增大而后趋于稳定，并且该膨胀力随着径向约束的提高而增大；相比于FP材料，PC-CAS基材料产生的膨胀力能够显著降低材料-煤岩界面的空隙并在一定程度上压密煤体内部的裂隙；该材料产生的膨胀力可压密封孔段围岩、提高封孔质量，并为后期“二次注浆”提供保压条件。工业试验结果表明，采用PC-CAS基材料进行封孔可显著改善抽采效果，将原有平均浓度10.11%提升至20.08%。     

Determination of 27 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in water: The benefit of isotope dilution

• Isotope dilution method was developed for the determination of 27 PPCPs in water. • The established method was successfully applied to different types of water samples. • The correction effect of corresponding 27 ILSs over 70 d was investigated. • Benefit of isotopic dilution method was illustrated for three examples. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are a unique group of emerging and non-persistent contaminants. In this study, 27 PPCPs in various water samples were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE), and determined by isotope dilution method using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem triple quadruple mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). A total of 27 isotopically labeled standards (ILSs) were applied to correct the concentration of PPCPs in spiked ultrapure water, drinking water, river, effluent and influent sewage. The corrected recoveries were 73%–122% with the relative standard deviation (RSD)<16%, except for acetaminophen. The matrix effect for all kinds of water samples was<22% and the method quantitation limits (MQLs) were 0.45–8.6 ng/L. The developed method was successfully applied on environmental water samples. The SPE extracts of spiked ultrapure water, drinking water, river and wastewater effluent were stored for 70 days, and the ILSs-corrected recoveries of 27 PPCPs were obtained to evaluate the correction ability of ILSs in the presence of variety interferences. The recoveries of 27 PPCPs over 70 days were within the scope of 72%–140% with the recovery variation<37% in all cases. The isotope dilution method seems to be of benefit when the extract has to be stored for long time before the instrument analysis.