Heteroscedastic semiparametric models for domestic water consumption aggregated data

Heteroscedastic additive and multiplicative models are proposed to disaggregate household data on water consumption from Athens and provide individual consumption estimates. The models adjust for heteroscedasticity assuming that variances relate to covariates. Household characteristics that can influence consumption are also included into models in order to allow for a clearer measurement of individual characteristics effects. Estimation is accomplished through a penalized least squares approach. The method is applied to a sample of real data related to domestic water consumption in Athens. The results show a greater consumption of water for males while the single-female households are these that use the lowest quantities of water. The consumption curves by age and gender are constructed presenting differences between the two sexes.

进口废物原料国内收货人注册登记探讨

进口固体废物原料国内收货人注册登记是确保进口废物原料安全的重要工作。就进口固体废物原料国内收货人书面评审、现场评审以及后续监管中存在的问题进行了剖析和探讨,从严格企业准入门槛、开展废物原料流向管理、加强企业分类管理和后续监管工作等方面提出了相应的建议。     

改进AB工艺脱氮除磷功能试验研究

试验采用一种改进AB工艺 ,旨在提高传统AB工艺城市污水处理厂的氮、磷去除效果。平行对比试验的结果表明 :在不扩充池容的情况下 ,仅在传统AB工艺基础上进行简单的调整 ,改进AB工艺可以较好地缓解传统AB工艺在生物脱氮除磷过程中存在的碳源相对不足问题 ;在保持有机物高效去除的前提下 ,与传统AB工艺、间歇曝气工艺相比较 ,改进AB工艺的TN、TP去除率显著提高 ,分别达到 79 8%和 90 6 1% ,出水CODCr、TN和TP等各项污染指标均能实现达标排放。     

中国草地主要生态环境问题分析与防治对策

采用20世纪80-90年代的文献资料及调研数据,分析了我国草地主要生态环境问题.结果表明:我国退化草地、鼠害草地面积呈不断扩大趋势,10年间我国西部主要牧区退化草地面积与鼠害草地面积分别增加了529.1×104和1 437.5×104 hm2;草地质量持续下降,生态承载力降低,超载现象越来越严重;草地生态功能下降,沙化草地已成为重要的沙尘源区.在此基础上,提出了从全流域(区域)的角度进行草地退化治理、紧急启动区域性的草地生态环境保护规划、改变草地生态保护资金投入机制、改善人与自然的关系等我国草地生态环境退化的根本性防治措施.      

我国环境保护规划的分析与展望

回顾了我国环境保护规划的发展历程,剖析了当前我国环境保护规划存在的问题,认为现阶段我国环境保护规划存在缺乏法律效力、法律地位不足、规划编制不规范、设区的市缺少环境保护总体规划、规划衔接不够、实施监管机制不完善和公众参与缺乏实质性等问题;对比分析了我国与美国和荷兰这2个发达国家的环境保护规划,总结了可以借鉴的国际经验;结合我国环境保护工作的形势和环境保护规划的发展,提出完善法律机制、设区的市编制环境保护总体规划、加强规划衔接、建立实施监管机制和加强公众参与等建议,确保其成为参与政府综合决策的有效手段,使其更加权威、规范和科学.      

Coping with Change: The Small Experiment as a Strategic Approach to Environmental Sustainability

The patterns of living, planning, and resource utilization as practiced in Western countries for decades are not sustainable; change of some sort is essential. But what changes are appropriate, and, perhaps more important, will people accept them? The small experiment framework provides a strategy for meeting the challenge of change. By encouraging participation, limiting the scale of initial change, and incorporating some aspects of the familiar, many of the difficulties that make change so problematic can be mitigated or even eliminated. An exploration, from a psychological perspective, of the characteristic difficulties surrounding potential change provides the context for a discussion of the components of the small experiment and an analysis of how these elements address these characteristic challenges. A comparison to adaptive management is drawn, and several concrete examples illustrate how the strategy has been used successfully to address a variety of environmental problems.     

我国建筑安全管理存在的主要问题及对策建议

针对建筑安全生产状况,从分析建筑安全管理存在的主要问题入手,认真研究和总结建筑安全生产管理的规律和特点,提出在经济日益市场化条件下,强化建筑安全监督管理,促进建筑业安全发展的对策建议.     

腾冲北海湿地问题诊断与工程对策措施研究

在北海湿地问题诊断的基础上,提出了具体的目标和工程对策措施,并做了工程效益分析。     

江苏省饮用水源地环境问题和污染防治对策的探讨

饮用水安全问题关系到广大人民群众的健康、生命安全和社会的和谐稳定。开展饮用水源地基础环境调查与评估,研究提出江苏省主要饮用水源地污染防治对策,可以为政府管理和决策提供科学依据。重点阐述了江苏省饮用水源地存在的环境问题,针对问题提出相应的管理对策和建议。     

生态建设中城镇生活污水集中处理问题探讨——以江苏省南通市为例

城镇生活污水难以集中处理是目前我国各地生态创建过程中的一个瓶颈问题。本文通过对南通市城镇生活污水处理现状和主要存在问题进行详细地分析,提出以生态市创建为依托,市镇村三级政府共同重视,合理规划,采取乡镇自建、以企带镇、以园带镇、镇镇联合等的建设模式,采用BOT、TOT等的新型融资和管理模式,将是解决我国目前城市环境基础设施建设和运营的有效手段,提高城镇生活污水集中处理的最终途径。