A holistic framework for participatory conservation approaches

Organizations seeking better methods for conservation have attempted to use participatory processes to fulfill human and ecological/environmental goals. As a result, the academic literature is filled with examples of community-level approaches to conservation. While such case studies are highly valuable, much of this literature has placed a strong emphasis on the institutional conditions surrounding successful participatory practices. Here, we seek to complement the participatory conservation literature with the community participation literature, which has tended to follow an actor-centered (e.g., residents) approach to successful participatory practices. By merging these two literatures, our goal is to offer a holistic framework that accounts for a more comprehensive understanding of the different forms and benefits of participation. We hope this framework will serve as a tool for field practitioners to implement the most effective action plans resulting in greater future successes.     

环境规制是否抑制了国际R&D溢出效应——以长江经济带为例

环境规制与技术进步转变方向的非一致性近年来受到较多关注,但学者们普遍忽视了开放经济条件下二者的关系。本文以1999~2013年长江经济带11个省市为研究样本,实证检验了环境规制对国际RD溢出效应的影响效果。研究表明:(1)环境规制强度和国际RD溢出水平呈现U型关系,即在长江经济带各省市,初始比较弱的环境规制强度抑制了国际技术溢出,但是随着环境规制强度的增加,国际RD溢出水平不断上升;(2)采用不同的环境规制方式会影响国际RD溢出和环境规制的U型关系,改变环境规制水平的拐点;(3)目前长江经济带各省市环境规制水平比较低,大多处于U型左侧。最后本文依据上述结论提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国会计准则与国际会计准则无形资产会计处理的比较与分析

在知识经济不断发展的今天,企业无形资产的比例与重要性日益提高,我国现行会计准则中有关无形资产的许多规定与国际会计准则的规定存在明显差异,这便造成无形资产在总体规模、发展水平、经营效率等方面与发达国家有很大差异,而会计信息使用者越来越关注无形资产的状况,以便做出合理的决策。在这种背景下探讨我国无形资产会计准则与国际会计准则的差异具有重要意义。     

The Northwest U.S. Dam Breaching Decision: Factors, Costs and Benefits

Northwestern United States' salmon populations have fallen precipitously. Attempts at salmon restoration are going on and dam breaching is being considered. Costs associated with the continued restoration attempts including hatchery stocking, barging and trucking salmon around the dams are high while benefits are unclear. Those costs may be greater than dam breaching. An additional impetus for dam removal is the revival of the commercial salmon fishing industry. This may not occur for both ecological and economic reasons. Ecologically complete restoration may not be feasible. Economically, the rise of competitively priced salmon aquaculture will reduce the value of any future commercial catch. A statistical relationship between falling prices for wild salmon and rising salmon aquaculture output is shown.     

北京大兴国际机场建设工程安全管理体系研究

为了实现建设北京新机场平安工程,确保工程建设重大事故隐患为零,生产安全责任事故为零的总体目标。根据北京大兴国际机场建设工程的特点,结合现代安全生产管理的先进理念,以落实建设方安全管理责任为核心,提出了适合北京大兴国家机场建设的安全管理体系。结果表明,该体系的运行实施,实现了北京大兴国际机场建设工程安全顺利竣工,且为类似工程项目建设方的安全管理工作提供了良好的借鉴。     

国际经验对我国生态保护红线管理的启示

中国在2011年正式提出生态保护红线战略,其主要目的是识别出最重要的生态系统,并实施严格保护。作为促进生态文明建设重要内容之一的生态保护红线的管理工作就显得尤其重要。美国和日本对生态保护地的管理形成了完善的法律法规体系,适合自身的机构管理体制,可持续的科学分区管理。欧盟则形成了纵横结合的生态网络管理体制。通过学习与借鉴美国、日本和欧盟对生态保护地的管理特点和经验,针对我国现行的生态保护红线管理存在的法规制度不完善以及管理部门不协同等问题,提出出台红线管理办法、对接空间规划强化管理工作、制定可持续性分区管理体制、构建以环境准入清单为抓手的纵横结合的管理监督体系等建议。     

大力发展循环经济 抢占国际竞争高地

中国在后国际金融危机时代要保持国民经济持续稳定快速增长,必须大力发展循环经济,全面提升国际竞争力。中国经济所处的发展阶段决定了不仅要在包括战略性新兴产业的高新技术领域抢占国际竞争的制高点,更要在国内市场需求快速增长的传统产业领域,通过自主创新抢占国际竞争的制高点。     

中国国际河流水资源利用立法略论

我国的国际河流数量众多，分布广泛。国际河流的利用主要分为国际河流的航行利用和国际河流的水资源利用2个方面。我国对国际河流的利用主要表现为对国际河流水资源的利用。完善我国国际河流水资源利用立法非常重要。它可以确保我国既充分、合理，又合法、有据地利用国际河流水资源，消除国际舆论中“中国水威胁论”的不良影响；缓解国内水资源日益紧张的局面；发展流域经济；保护当地生态环境。运用综合分析和实证研究的方法，对我国国际河流水资源利用立法情况和对外谈判进行探讨。检视我国国际河流水资源利用立法存在诸多问题。国际河流水资源利用立法理念不协调；国际河流水资源污染防治立法视野狭隘；双边或多边区域性专项水协定缺失等问题表现得尤为突出。应采取调整国际河流水资源利用立法理念；坚持“公平利用”原则，维护我国权益；健全双边或多边的区域性专项水协定体系；拓宽立法视野，兼顾国际河流水资源利用和保育；保护国际河流水环境等措施，规制国际河流水资源的利用。     

Urbanization in China Based on International Comparison： A Discussion with Two Prevalent Views

Two prevalent views are reviewed on China＇s urbanization firstly. Then, this article highlights the characteristics and pattern of urbanization in the world based on the quadrants map, using data of 118 countries or areas. The results indicate that the process of urbanization in the world excluding the data of China has slowed down gradually. A further exploration examines China＇s urbanization process and economic development over time, which reveals that both urbanization level and the level of economic development belong to the low-grade coordination pattern. The low level of urbanization is closely connected with the low level of economic development. Actually, China＇s urbanization gap appeared during 1985-1995, but it has been eliminating this urbanization gap since 1995 as a result of rapid urbanization growing. The complicated realities revealed in this analysis challenge the existing two prevalent views.     

秦皇岛“国际旅游名城”建设中高素质涉外旅游人才的培养策略

建设"国际旅游名城"不可或缺的人力资源之一是高素质的涉外旅游人才。从秦皇岛"旅游立市"及创建"国际旅游名城"的大背景出发,分析秦皇岛面临的国际旅游发展机遇,阐述涉外旅游人才的种类和含义,并针对所需人才特点提出了培养思路和策略。