Groundwater quality in the major industrial area of Thessaloniki,Greece part 1: Chemical composition‐geochemical processes

Adsorption rates of Sb(V) ions on an activated alumina (AA) were analyzed by batchwise experiments, while the continuous adsorption, desorption, regeneration of AA, and multiple reuse cycles were studied by flow column tests. The adsorption rates increased quickly with the increases of shaking speed and operation temperature. The adsorbed Sb(V) ions were desorbed easily by a 50 mM NaOH solution, and a 41–90 times concentrated Sb(V) solution was yielded correspondingly. AA was effectively regenerated by desorption operation and ca. 93% of the initial adsorption capacity was retained after six times adsorption/desorption cycles.     

挥发性有机物的物化性质与活性炭饱和吸附量的相关性研究

采用kc-4．0型颗粒活性炭对甲苯、对二甲苯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、正丙醇进行吸附实验，研究挥发性有机物的物化性质与活性炭饱和吸附量之间的相关性。实验结果表明，活性炭对乙酸甲酯、乙醇和正丙醇的吸附性能较差，对乙酸乙酯、甲苯和对二甲苯的的吸附性能较好，饱和吸附量最大的是甲苯（达312．92mg／g），饱和吸附量最小的是乙酸甲酯（为224．93mg／g）。6种挥发性有机物的吸附等温线用Langmuir方程进行拟合，效果良好。挥发性有机物的比蒸发速度、饱和蒸气压和电离势能与活性炭饱和吸附量具有显著的相关性。比蒸发速度越快、饱和蒸气压越高或电离势能越大，活性炭饱和吸附量越小。     

Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition： A nursery experiment in subtropical China

We studied the responses of soil fauna to a simulated nitrogen deposition in nursery experimental plots in Subtropical China. Dissolved NH4NO3 was applied to the soil by spraying twice per month for 16 months, starting January 2003 with treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 gN/(m2·a). Soil fauna was sampled after 6, 9, 13 and 16 months of treatment in three soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm). Soil available N increased in correspondence with the increasing N treatment, whereas soil pH decreased. Bacterial and fungal densities were elevated by the N treatment. Soil fauna increased in the lower nitrogen treatments but decreased in the higher N treatments, which might indicate that there was a threshold around 10 gN/(m2·a) for the stimulating effects of N addition. The N effects were dependent on the soil depth and sampling time. The data also suggested that the effects of the different N treatments were related to the level of N saturation, especially the concentration of NO3- in the soil.     

淮南新集矿区主要充水含水层水化学特征及成因

为探明新集矿区深层地下水离子组成及其演化特征,采集了研究区砂岩水和太灰水等共20个水样,测试分析常规离子和氢氧同位素数据,采用Piper三线图、相关性分析、离子比例系数与饱和指数等方法,探讨了研究区深层地下水水化学特征及其成因。结果表明:(1)研究区砂岩水为高矿化度水,平均矿化度为2 743. 73mg/L,水化学类型主要为Cl-Na型,太灰水多为中矿化度水,平均矿化度为1 468. 33mg/L,水化学类型主要为HCO3·Cl-Na型和Cl-Na型;(2)研究区地下水的补给不仅有大气降水和地表水,还有古气候条件下形成的古溶滤-渗入水,且由于矿物质与深层地下水的水岩作用使得氧同位素发生漂移;(3)含水层中主要发生的水岩相互作用有硅酸盐和蒸发盐岩的溶解及阳离子交替吸附作用,盐岩和石膏在研究区地下水中是反应性矿物,白云石和方解石的溶解在矿区地下水中呈过饱和状态。     

森林对氮饱和的响应

氮素缺乏是大多数北半球森林生态系统普遍存在的现象，是森林生长的主要限制因子之一．但是化石燃料和氮肥施用使得大量的氮化合物进入大气，多余的氮输入引起森林衰退和土壤酸化，出现了“氮饱和”现象．本文就氮饱和的定义、研究手段及监测指标、森林对其的生理和群落响应等进行初步分析，并提出建议和展望，以期能为森林对氮饱和的响应的进一步研究提供科学依据．表1参46     

废催化剂浸出规律的动态模拟实验方法

利用小柱浸出实验装置对废催化剂中重金属的浸出规律进行了动态模拟研究。实验发现,在非饱和水条件下,重金属自废催化剂中浸出的浓度并没有随实验时间的增长而变化,重金属的浸出速率却随废物层饱水度的增加而显著增加,说明提高水分的入渗能够提高有害成分的浸出速率,实际上是提高了在害物质浸出的总量,因此,在危险废物填埋场中降低水分入渗可以减少有害物质的浸出。     

饱和吸附2,4-二硝基甲苯后活性炭的电化学再生

以2,4-二硝基甲苯为吸附物,对吸附饱和的活性炭进行电化学再生,考察了再生时间、电流密度、体系pH、电解质NaCl质量浓度等对再生效果的影响。最佳的电化学再生工艺条件为电解质NaCl质量浓度15.0 g/L,电流密度20 mA/cm~2,体系pH为 5,再生时间2 h,在此条件下活性炭再生率可达102.57%。再生前后活性炭的微孔结构基本不变,微孔孔径分布于0.3～1.0 nm。再生后活性炭的比表面积增大,石墨化程度提高,表面含氧基团含量增加,总氧含量增加,碳含量有所下降。     

高频变压器饱和电流测试装置的设计

本文设计一种高频变压器饱和电流测试装置,解决开关电源设计过程中变压器饱和电流测试困难的问题,在开关电源设计的过程中方便工程师对高频变压器的评估,准确地设计出合理的高频变压器参数,缩短开发周期、提高所开发产品的可靠性。     

三维高密度电法在尾矿库隐患检测中的应用

三维高密度电阻率法是在二维的基础上发展起来的,克服了二维高密度电法不能直观地展示目标异常区域的走向、空间位置与形态的不足。将三维高密度电法应用于尾矿库隐患检测中,可得到丰富的地电数据,利用三维电阻率处理软件对地电数据进行反演,实现了尾矿坝三维地质数据的可视化。通过三维电阻率等值面图和三维电阻率动态截面图,可以直观、可靠的了解到尾矿坝浸润线的分布规律和坝体异常地质情况,为尾矿库的风险评估工作提供科学依据。