环境污染事故应急监测技术管理系统开发初探

通过实际开发研制突发性环境污染事故应急监测技术管理系统,对其开发思路、研制过程进行了探讨,并对系统的功能、特点及数据库结构进行了简单介绍,总结出此类系统的开发经验及实践应用效果,并对下一步的开发完善进行了展望。     

中文Windows环境下的海上溢油预报系统

本文以辽东湾为示范海区，建立了中文Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下的海上溢油预报系统。采用已经验证的环境动力和溢油行为模型，可提供海面油膜的位置和覆盖面积，水体中油的浓度分布以及溢油的比重、粘度、蒸发量、残留量、平均厚度等物化参数的实时预报信息，或用于溢油的环境风险评价。系统界面友好，输入方便，操作简单，反应快捷、后处理功能完备，并具有可扩充性。     

空气自动监测系统软件开发及数据整合模式探讨

空气自动监测系统的仪器仪表多样化，以及数据采集装置和数据格式的差异，给系统软硬件的集成，以及数据应用和管理带来了不便，也是构成空气自动监测信息化进程中的技术瓶颈之一，通过对空气自动监测系统软件开发和数据整合模式的对比分析，探讨了解决问题的途径。     

正确认识和合理开发管理信息系统(MIS)

本文阐述了如何正确认识MIS，以及MIS在企业管理中的作用．强调在开发过程中用科学的方法指导MIS开发的全过程，以提高MIS开发的成功率．     

Establishing Representative No-Take Areas in the Great Barrier Reef: Large-Scale Implementation of Theory on Marine Protected Areas

Abstract:  The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, an area almost the size of Japan, has a new network of no-take areas that significantly improves the protection of biodiversity. The new marine park zoning implements, in a quantitative manner, many of the theoretical design principles discussed in the literature. For example, the new network of no-take areas has at least 20% protection per "bioregion," minimum levels of protection for all known habitats and special or unique features, and minimum sizes for no-take areas of at least 10 or 20 km across at the smallest diameter. Overall, more than 33% of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is now in no-take areas (previously 4.5%). The steps taken leading to this outcome were to clarify to the interested public why the existing level of protection was inadequate; detail the conservation objectives of establishing new no-take areas; work with relevant and independent experts to define, and contribute to, the best scientific process to deliver on the objectives; describe the biodiversity (e.g., map bioregions); define operational principles needed to achieve the objectives; invite community input on all of the above; gather and layer the data gathered in round-table discussions; report the degree of achievement of principles for various options of no-take areas; and determine how to address negative impacts. Some of the key success factors in this case have global relevance and include focusing initial communication on the problem to be addressed; applying the precautionary principle; using independent experts; facilitating input to decision making; conducting extensive and participatory consultation; having an existing marine park that encompassed much of the ecosystem; having legislative power under federal law; developing high-level support; ensuring agency priority and ownership; and being able to address the issue of displaced fishers.     

高层建筑承受纵向地震波时的安全核算构想

高层建筑可预期的灾变非至一端，这里仅探讨高层建筑的抗震性能问题。地震过程中楼体受到的是地震波和自身固有频率的共同作用，此时楼体是一个多维动态系统，其应力状态比传统方法所描述的力学模型要复杂行多。本文应用ANSYS三维仿真有限元软件，采用单点响应谱的方法，对楼体在纵向地震波作用下的应力状态和变形情况进行了分析。对楼体构件单元型式的选择、网格密度的确定、有限元模型的建立等也提出了自己的见解。在后处理中，用列表和图形的方式显示了楼体的位移和应用状态。     

公路建设项目环境影响评价软件RoadEIA介绍

介绍了公路建设项目环境影响评价软件RoadEIA的框架及软件各部分的功能，举了一个用该软件进行评价的工程实例，最后分析总结了该软件的特点。     

公路隧道信息化施工与计算机辅助决策系统研究

结合公路隧道建设实例,通过需求分析,提出了公路隧道信息化施工与计算机辅助决策系统的总体思路。利用数据库技术与软件工程技术,对此系统进行了详细设计,并开发了此软件系(Tunnel-CAS)。该软件系统集围岩类别智能判别、围岩应力分析与预测、围岩变形分析与预测和围岩支护结构安全性判别四大功能于一体,具有友好的用户界面。     

Elman神经网络在矿井突水水源判别中的应用

矿井突水是矿建与生产过程中最具威胁的自然灾害之一,准确判别突水水源是防治水害的关键。选取6种离子的质量浓度作为突水水源的判别因素,将河南省焦作矿区不同水层的39组水化数据以2种样本设计方案进行Elman神经网络模型的构建与检验。以不同的35组水源样品作为训练样本,运用Matlab软件进行Elman神经网络训练,将所建立的判别模型应用于(相应的)4组待测样本的判别,并与DDA、FDA、Bayes三种判别方法的判别结果进行分析比较。2种方案应用结果表明:将具有非线性动态特征的Elman神经网络应用于突水水源判别,在结合相应的水文地质条件前提下,可以准确判断突水来源;矿井多年的开采促使地下各水层水质呈动态变化,Elman神经网络判别模型能够反映这种变化特性,对探寻地下水运移与演化具有一定的应用价值。     

Hydractinia echinata test system. II. SAR toxicity study of some anilide derivatives of Naphthol-AS type

In this paper, a toxicity study for a series of anilides of Naphthol-AS type is presented. The toxicity of the model compounds was determined by using the Hydractinia echinata (Hydrozoa) test system. Conformational analysis of Naphthol-AS derivatives was performed to elucidate the possible enzymatic hydrolysis mechanism of these compounds. This mechanism occurs with different rates and always leads to a stoichiometric mixture of reaction products, consisting in the substituted amine and the corresponding α-hydroxy-carboxylic acid. With one exception, the toxicities of the reaction products are subadditive. Quite similar measured toxicity values, log(1/MRC₅₀), led to their average calculated values, and thus to the establishment of class isotoxicity. This method represents a practical alternative useful for the reduction of experimental tests on animals to the lowest possible level, in accordance to the ‘3Rs’ (reduction, refinement and replacement) concept.