长江安徽段及巢湖水患区防洪治水的环境地质问题

长江安徽江段及巢湖水患区环境地质问题突出 ,因洪涝诱发引起的地质灾害十分频繁 ,特别是在每年汛期持续的高水位影响下 ,形成堤基管涌、边岸崩塌、软土变形、散浸等 ,造成溃口成灾或渍水成涝 ,形成大面积的洪涝灾害。这一地区的水患问题的形成和发展受地质环境影响和控制。通过收集有关资料 ,对长江安徽江段及巢湖水患区环境地质特征及存在的主要问题进行了初步分析 ,提出水患区的形成主要受控于地质作用 ,泥沙淤积与地貌演化作用 ,人类活动及岸带变化和堤基变形作用。为有效地进行防洪治水规划 ,应开展与洪涝灾害发生与发展有关的环境地质调查研究 ,特别是对江湖关系、第四纪地质和新构造运动与洪涝灾害的关系需要进行重点调查研究 ,为防洪治水规划提供依据。     

某城市建筑泥浆污染现状调查研究

以某城市为例,研究城市建筑泥浆的污染现状,并分析泥浆受到污染的原因.结果表明:对照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中的Ⅳ类标准限值,调研的4个工地泥浆水全部超标;该城市地层土壤中的有机质、总氮、总磷含量高是泥浆水超标的重要原因,工地制浆使用的地表水和污水也不能满足Ⅳ类水质的要求.在建筑工地的管理中,应...     

体育馆建筑内青年学生疏散预动作时间调查和分析

通过组织火灾应急疏散逃生演习、现场问卷调查等方式,统计了体育馆内人员的疏散预动作时间,进而建立多分变量逻辑斯蒂回归模型对该统计数据进行了研究.发现:男生选择疏散预动作时间为＜30 s的可能性是女生的0.886倍,选择疏散预动作时间为30-60 s的可能性是女生的2.818倍.预测人员疏散预动作时间为＜30 s、30 -60 s、＞60s的概率,男生分别为15.45％,75.61％、8.94％,而女生分别为24.14％,39.72％、36.14％;研究结果表明:人员性别的不同对疏散预动作时间有一定的影响,在体育馆类建筑中,青少年人员疏散预动作时间基本上小于60 s.     

新形势下对环境统计工作的思考

分析了环境统计工作的定位和内容,以及第二次全国污染源普查、排污许可证与排污税制度、环境质量考核制度给环境统计工作带来的改革契机。针对固定源、城镇生活源与农业面源、移动源,提出了统计调查工作的设想。建议改变环境统计调查焦点,实现污染源统计空间格局"一张图";开拓环境统计分析品牌,推动环境统计方法研究;以政策管理需求为导向,完成环境统计工作体系的重构。     

Evaluation of a population mobility,mortality, and birth surveillance system in South Kivu,Democratic Republic of the Congo

Prospective, community-based surveillance systems for measuring birth, death, and population movement rates may have advantages over the ‘gold-standard’ retrospective household survey in humanitarian contexts. A community-based, monthly surveillance system was established in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, in partnership with a local implementing partner and the national ministry of health. Data were collected on the occurrence of births, deaths, arrivals, and departures over the course of one year, and a retrospective survey was conducted at the end of the period to validate the information. Discrepancies between the two approaches were resolved by a third visit to the households with discordant records. The study found that the surveillance system was superior in terms of its specificity and sensitivity in measuring crude mortality and birth rates as compared to the survey, demonstrating the method's potential to measure accurately important population-level health metrics in an insecure setting in a timely, community-acceptable manner.     

基于第二次全国污染源普查质量保证的思考及体系建设初探

通过对清查数据的结果分析,确定第二次全国污染源入户普查的对象,基于企业填报、现场入户、资料收集审核、数据核查等具体工作的实施与开展,思考和归总普查工作中影响数据质量的现实问题和难点,初步构建污染源普查质量保证体系,以期为全国污染源普查数据质量保证提供有益参考。     

Between Active Seekers and Non-Users: Segments of Science-related Media Usage in Switzerland and Germany

ABSTRACT

Citizens’ attitudes toward science are related to their use of science-related information from various sources. Evidence is scarce regarding citizens’ individual media repertoires for staying informed about science as segmentation studies so far have primarily focused on scientific attitudes. In this paper, we explore audience segments regarding their science-related information behavior and whether such segments are comparable or vary between two countries with similar information environments. Based on two surveys in Switzerland and Germany, we identify national audience segments that differ in their science-related information repertoires, and analyze their sociodemographic characteristics and science-related attitudes. In both countries, we find very comparable information user segments ranging from those who inform themselves frequently about science (“Active Seekers”/“Science Consumers”) to those who hardly get in contact with any information about science and research (“Non-Users”). Those segments which get in contact with information about science frequently show generally more positive attitudes.     

Reconnaissance soil geochemical survey of Gibraltar

The extreme density of population of Gibraltar, situated at the southern tip of Spain, exerts considerable pressure on land use and thus future planning is of utmost importance. An initial reconnaissance soil geochemical survey of Gibraltar was based on 120 surface samples (0–15 cm) taken from a wide range of exposed, either bare soil or vegetated sites, to provide the optimum geographical distribution. The total elemental concentrations of 26 elements (Li, Na, K, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, La, Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Cd, Pb, P, S, As) were determined by nitric/percholric acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) analysis. The reconnaissance data shows that the spatial distribution of various elements depended on previous and present land use. Most elements (Ca, Cr, Mg and Mn excluded) exhibited relatively high concentrations in civilian and natural soils. Trends have been established for many elements, and concentrations exceeding guideline values have been found in certain areas of Gibraltar. This reconnaissance of Gibraltar is at present being followed by a more detailed baseline geochemical survey, which will establish the extent and magnitude of the variations in major and trace elements in soils and dusts, assess the impact of industrial, commercial and urban development on the geochemical landscape and to make recommendations concerning sustainable development.     

三峡工程淹没区文物古迹科学保护方案的探讨

对于三峡工程没区文物群落的保护,不只限于其文物价值的研究,文物的保存环境及现状的评估更是采取科学保护方案的先决条件。从地面石抽文物的原位测试技术和地下文物的考古勘探技术两方面以实例和详细的数据,介绍了在三峡工程没区文物保护工程前 的科学     

渤海海域船舶防污设备铅封的可行性

从船舶排污口确认、船舶防污设备铅封要求和方法等方面，介绍说明渤海海域船舶防污设备铅封的可行性。