微囊藻毒素合成机理的研究进展

对于MC的研究目前主要集中在毒理学,生态影响,及监测、检测技术等研究领域之中.由于MC产毒藻种类繁多,再加上多达60几种的异构体的存在,每一MC产毒藻类体内其mcy基因并不完全一致,所以对于MC的产毒合成机理研究非常困难.但近几年对MC的产毒合成机理已经有了突破:三种最主要的MC产毒藻的MC合成过程已经被阐明.     

微污染含藻水处理技术的应用

针对微污染含藻滦河水,控制投加0.3mg/l～0．6mg/l的硫酸铜,接触8小时以上,可以去除约50％的藻类和浊度;投加0．3mg／1～0．8mg/l的HCA,控制进厂原水浊度10NTU以下,藻类低于1000万个／L,总铁小于0．3mg／l,CODM。不超过4．0mg／l;经过常规处理工艺后,再根据pH值大小在滤后水中投加氢氧化钠调值,控制出厂水pH值在7．5左右。生产运行实践表明：这一系列措施大大改善了现有构筑物条件下出厂水水质,同时降低了对管网的腐蚀。     

卤代苯对湛江叉鞭金藻联合毒性的QSAR研究

测定了以卤代苯为代表的非极性麻醉型混合有机化合物对湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)的联合毒性效应,探讨了混合正辛醇/水分配系数(Kowmix)的理论计算模型用于表征藻类联合毒性的可行性,并提出了以卤代苯为代表的非极性麻醉型有机化合物对藻类联合毒性的QSAR模型。结果表明,采用QSAR模型:log1/EC50M=0.723logKowmix+0.740(n=48,r 2=0.860,SE=0.134,F=283.054,P<0.001)定量描述以卤代苯为代表的非极性麻醉型混合有机化合物对湛江叉鞭金藻的联合毒性,模型具有较高的预测能力。     

典型多环芳烃对红树林区硅藻的毒性效应

研究了2种典型多环芳烃对福建九龙江口红树林区优势藻的毒性效应.所选藻种为浮游藻中肋骨条藻和附着藻菱形藻,经分离、纯化和培养;所用的典型多环芳烃为菲和荧蒽.结果表明:丙酮对两种藻的不可见效应浓度值均为0.3%(v/v),菲对中肋骨条藻和菱形藻急性毒性试验的72 h半数生长抑制浓度(72-EC50)分别为0.95 mg/L和0.32 mg/L,而荧蒽对中肋骨条藻和菱形藻的72-EC50分别为0.17 mg/L和0.09 mg/L.中肋骨条藻对菲和荧蒽的耐受性比菱形藻强,菲对中肋骨条藻和菱形藻的毒性比荧蒽弱.     

塔玛亚历山大藻溶藻细菌筛选方法的初步研究

旨在对溶藻细菌筛选方法的摸索.从辽宁大连周边海域分离的37株海洋细菌中,尝试用试管法筛选对塔玛亚历山大藻具有溶藻能力的功能细菌.试管法即首先在试管中进行藻菌共培养,待初步筛选出合适菌株后,再用三角瓶来验证初筛结果.结果显示:试管初筛选出的5株溶藻菌株,同样在三角瓶中显示了它们溶藻能力,证明试管法用于筛选溶藻细菌是可行的.     

不同起始数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻种间竞争的影响

通过共培养的方法,研究了不同起始数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻之间种间竞争的影响.结果表明:不同的接种数量对赤潮异弯藻和东海原甲藻种群竞争关系有明显的影响.在3种不同的接种比例下,赤潮异弯藻在与东海原甲藻的生长竞争中始终占优势,对东海原甲藻的生长存在抑制作用,且随着起始数量的提高,其种群竞争生长的优势愈加明显,对东海原甲藻生长的抑制作用愈加显著.东海原甲藻仅在较高的起始数量(处理I,H:P=1:4)下,对赤潮异弯藻的生长才表现出一定的抑制作用,处理Ⅱ和处理Ⅲ(H:P=1:1和H:P=4:1)对赤潮异弯藻的生长均无影响.     

固定化与游离态小球藻脱氮除磷对比研究

对固定化与游离态小球藻脱氮、除磷进行对比研究,结果表明固定化藻在2d内对NH4^＋-N和PO^3-4-P的净化效率比悬浮态藻分别高23.14％和35.19％。固定化后初期会对藻细胞的生长产生影响,使得固定化藻的数量增长慢于悬浮态藻的生长,但在较短时间（24a左右）内细胞的活性即可恢复,并保持持续生长,这说明固定化没有对细胞产生不可恢复的损伤。固定化藻技术不仅保留了悬浮态藻的优点,而且使得藻对氮、磷的去除率有较大提高,对藻细胞起到了保护作用,延长藻细胞的生长期,有利于细胞更多地吸收氮、磷。     

穗花狐尾藻化感作用对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响

共培养条件下,采用叶绿素含量和叶绿素荧光参数研究穗花狐尾藻分泌的化感物质对铜绿微囊藻光合效率的影响,其中叶绿素荧光参数包括qN（非化学淬灭）、YⅡ（有效量子效率）、Fv/Fm（最大量子产量）、F＇v/F＇m（光系统Ⅱ有效量子产量）和快速光响应曲线.3 d共培养处理期间,铜绿微囊藻叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数都受到不同程度...     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

Competition of bloom-forming marine phytoplankton at low nutrient concentrations

Competition of three bloom-forming marine phytoplankton (diatom Skeletonema costatum, and dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Alexandrium tamarense) was studied through a series of multispecies cultures with di erent nitrate (NaNO3) and phosphate (NaH2PO4) levels and excess silicate to interpret red tide algae succession. S. costatum outgrew the other two dinoflagellates in nitrate and phosphate replete cultures with 10 mol/L Na2SiO3. Under nitrate limited (8.82 mol/L NaNO3) conditions, the growth of S. costatum was also dominant when phosphate concentrations were from 3.6 to 108 mol/L. Cell density of the two dinoflagellates only increased slightly, to less than 400 and 600 cells/mL, respectively. Cell density of S. costatum decreased with time before day 12, and then increased to 4000 cells/mL (1.5 mg/L dry biomass) at NaNO3 concentrations between 88.2 and 882 mol/L with limited phosphate (0.36 mol/L NaH2PO4) levels. In addition, P. minimum grew well with a maximal cell density of 1690–2100 cells/mL (0.5–0.6 mg/L dry biomass). Although S. costatum initially grew fast, its cell density decreased quickly with time later in the growth phase and the two dinoflagellates were dominant under the nitrate-limited and high nitrate conditions with limited phosphate. These results indicated that the diatom was a poor competitor compared to the two dinoflagellates under limited phosphate; however, it grew well under limited nitrate when growth of the dinoflagellates was near detection limits.