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71.
Genetic diversity might increase the performance of social groups by improving task efficiency or disease resistance, but direct experimental tests of these hypotheses are rare. We manipulated the level of genetic diversity in colonies of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile, and then recorded the short-term task efficiency of these experimental colonies. The efficiency of low and high genetic diversity colonies did not differ significantly for any of the following tasks: exploring a new territory, foraging, moving to a new nest site, or removing corpses. The tests were powerful enough to detect large effects, but may have failed to detect small differences. Indeed, observed effect sizes were generally small, except for the time to create a trail during nest emigration. In addition, genetic diversity had no statistically significant impact on the number of workers, males and females produced by the colony, but these tests had low power. Higher genetic diversity also did not result in lower variance in task efficiency and productivity. In contrast to genetic diversity, colony size was positively correlated with the efficiency at performing most tasks and with colony productivity. Altogether, these results suggest that genetic diversity does not strongly improve short-term task efficiency in L. humile, but that worker number is a key factor determining the success of this invasive species.Communicated by L. Sundström 相似文献
72.
Francesca Romana Grati Denise Molina Gomes Jose Carlos Pinto B. Ferreira Celine Dupont Viola Alesi Laetitia Gouas Nina Horelli-Kuitunen Kwong Wai Choy Sandra García-Herrero Alberto Gonzalez de la Vega Krzysztof Piotrowski Rita Genesio Gloria Queipo Barbara Malvestiti Bérénice Hervé Brigitte Benzacken Antonio Novelli Philippe Vago Kirsi Piippo Tak Yeung Leung Federico Maggi Thibault Quibel Anne Claude Tabet Giuseppe Simoni François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(8):801-809
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Caroline Nerot Tarik Meziane Anais Provost-Govrich Hervé Rybarczyk S. Yip Lee 《Marine Biology》2009,156(11):2343-2352
The influence of the crab Parasesarma erythrodactyla on the entry of the organic matter derived from Avicennia marina mangrove leaves in a sub-tropical mangrove ecosystem of southeast Queensland, Australia, was simulated using tidal mesocosms.
Degradation of mangrove leaf organic matter was followed by analysing the fatty acid composition, carbon, and nitrogen isotopic
signatures of the surface sediment and suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) with and without the presence of crabs.
Assimilation of mangrove organic matter by P. erythrodactyla was also assessed by stable isotope and fatty acid analyses in tissues and faeces. Results of the chemical tracer analyses
question the adaptability of P. erythrodactyla to a diet comprised exclusively of mangrove leaves, and suggest that these organisms were dependent on additional food sources
in their natural environment. Crab processing of senescent leaves significantly accelerated the transfer of mangrove organic
matter to the surface sediments, as shown by a higher C/N ratio, a higher contribution of long-chain fatty acids and a more
depleted C isotopic signature of sediment samples in the mesocosms with crabs compared to those without crabs. 相似文献
76.
This paper describes how the business model of two leading Swedish municipally owned solid waste management companies exposes them to four different but related markets: a political market in which their legitimacy as an organization is determined; a waste-as-material market that determines their access to waste as a process input; a technical market in which these companies choose what waste processing technique to use; and a commercial market in which they market their products. Each of these markets has a logic of its own. Managing these logics and articulating the interrelationships between these markets is a key strategic challenge for these companies. 相似文献