陶瓷微滤膜深度处理炼油污水二级出水的效能及膜清洗研究

建立了炼油污水二级生化出水的陶瓷微滤膜深度处理系统,当膜孔径为0.2 mm、操作压力为0.12 MPa时,该系统对CODCr和SS的去除率分别达到79%以上和87%以上,出水达到生活杂用水水质标准.自动高压气体(0.5 MPa)反冲洗可有效地提高膜通量;反应系统中加入Al2(SO4)3絮凝剂(50 mg/(L d))与不加入时相比,可使膜通量提高近80%;采用NaOH、HNO3、NaClO溶液和家用洗涤灵进行化学清洗时,HNO3和NaClO先后使用的复合清洗方法效率最高.     

有机高分子絮凝剂溶解装置设计及其应用

针对具有高效絮凝性能的有机高分子絮凝剂存在易吸潮、难溶解的不足 ,设计了一种高分子有机絮凝剂的溶解输送装置 ,该装置简单实用 ,易于在污水处理生产中推广应用。将该溶解装置用于炼油污水气浮处理的有机絮凝剂溶解 ,取得良好的效果     

炼油废水絮凝剂筛选

通过试验对炼油废水絮凝剂进行了筛选。结果表明 ,有机高分子絮凝剂 (PAM、HL - 70 4 )与无机絮凝剂 (PAC)复配显著提高了油类和COD的去除率 ,复配絮凝剂具有投加量少、适用性强等优点。     

炼油废水生物脱氮中间试验

对炼油废水中氮氮的生物降解用两种工艺进行了中间试验。试验结果表明,正常工艺条件下,Ｏ／Ｏ工艺处理后出水中ＮＨ３－Ｎ〈２５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ〈４０ｍｇ／Ｌ,油〈５ｍｇ／Ｌ;Ａ／Ｏ工艺处理后出水中ＮＨ３－Ｎ〈２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＣＯＤ〈５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,油〈５ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＯ＾３－Ｎ〈１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

煤油厂外排废水回用于循环水

针对炼油厂外排废水回用时存在的结垢和腐蚀问题,讨论了结垢和阻垢机理,详细介绍了水中Ca2+浓度、碱度、总溶固、悬浮物、浓缩系数五项因素对结垢的影响,并通过实验筛选出5种阻垢剂。其中Rp-88、BC-501阻垢率均在90%以上,与国外同类药剂性能相当。     

紫外光助O3、H2O2氧化降解炼油废碱水的可行性实验

炼油高浓度有机废碱水是石化行业中很难降解的废水.本实验用光化学氧化技术对其进行了降解研究,比较了紫外光/空气、紫外光/O3、紫外光/空气/H2O2系统的处理效果.结果表明,光化学氧化技术降解此废水是可行的,紫外光可使废水中COD、油、酚的降解率明显提高.当废水中O3的投加量每小时为22 mg/L,或H2O2投加量为1%/L时,UV/O3法与UV/空气/H2O2法的降解效果相近.同时,通过控制O3浓度或H2O2的投加量等条件,可使废水中COD、油、酚和硫化物降解到地方污染物二级排放标准.     

Air pollution impact assessment on agroecosystem and human health characterisation in the area surrounding the industrial settlement of Milazzo (Italy): a multidisciplinary approach

In order to evaluate the impact of atmospheric pollutants emitted by the industrial settlement of Milazzo (Italy) on agriculture, sulphur dioxide and ozone levels in air were monitored and the data were used to estimate yield losses of the most widespread cultures. Trace element concentrations in crops and soils were also detected and metabolic profiles of soil microbial communities were considered. Vibrio fischeri test was used to appraise airborne pollutant ecotoxicity and epidemiological studies on causes of death distribution were carried out to characterize health state of people living in the area. All the sampling points were selected in farms on the basis of a theoretical meteo-diffusive model of industrial air pollutants. Experimental SO₂ and O₃ values mainly exceeded the threshold established by Italian and EU regulations to protect vegetation and they correspond to estimated significant crop losses. Conversely toxic element residues in soils and in agroalimentary products were generally lower than the fixed values. SO₂ and O₃ concentrations, toxic element contents and ecotoxicity levels of airborne pollutants were not related only to industrial site emissions, while the fluctuations on metabolic profiles of soil microbial communities seem to agree with the predicted deposition of xenobiotic compounds from the industrial plants. The epidemiological study evidenced a better health state of populations living in the investigated area than in the Messina province and the Sicily region but, inside the area, males living in the municipalities closest to the industrial settlement exhibited a worst health state than those in the very far ones.     

隔音值班室降噪效果及对策分析

目前的炼油工艺都是连续性自动化生产，其操作人员的正常工作主要是在值班室通过监视仪表来控制装置。为了防止设备噪声对人体的危害，都修建隔音值班室。经过对炼油厂内的30个隔音值班室实际运行的调查、分析，提出了切实可行的有效对策。     

炼铝废渣的综合利用试验

铝灰掺入混凝土后将引起体积膨胀强度下降,故不适用于混凝土。但含一定量的铝灰,石灰和统砂的混合材料一种优质的路用材料,用铝灰制成的水处理剂对印染废水,制革废水均有较好的去除效果。     

炼油装置腐蚀适应性评价

介绍了湛江东兴石油企业有限公司开展的装置腐蚀适应性评价情况.根据相关数据及McConomy曲线、API581标准、ASME推荐的方法等和实际腐蚀速率、最小承压壁厚,并将设备管道的实际用材与中国石油化工股份有限公司《加工高含硫原油部分装置在用设备及管道选材指导意见》和设计选材导则进行对比,结合工艺防腐现场情况和专家经验,对炼油装置加工劣质原料进行适应性安全评价,对于存在以及可能存在安全隐患的部位,给出可操作的解决方案.