辽河三角洲湿地植被生态状况变化特征分析

归一化植被指数（NDVI）是反映植被状况的重要指标,对植被生长和区域生态状况的研究具有重要意义。为探究辽河三角洲植被生态状况变化特征和未来发展趋势,基于1995—2009年的NOAA/AVHRR NDVI和2009—2020年FY3/MERSI NDVI数据,通过修正拟合和S-G滤波法构建了1995—2020年长时间序列NDVI数据集。利用趋势分析法、变异系数和Hurst指数分析辽河三角洲（盘锦地区）NDVI时空分布特征,重点研究了水田和沼泽湿地的植被生态状况变化规律和未来发展趋势。结果表明：（1）从时间变化上看,26 a间辽河三角洲NDVI呈波动增加趋势,年平均增长率为0.32%;NDVI年内呈典型的单峰型分布,最大值出现在7月下旬或8月上旬。（2）从空间变化上看,区域内NDVI呈西南—东北方向递增,最高值主要分布在水田区,次高值分布在沼泽区。（3）绝大部分水田植被逐年变好,且植被生态状况比较稳定,低波动变化区域占96.72%,未来植被生态状况将持续改善的区域占61.05%。（4）沼泽植被逐年变好的区域占97.67%,变好最明显的区域主要分布在南部沿海地区和双台子河口附近,且该区域未...     

Kriging插值法在植物物种地理分布空间格局研究中的应用

Kriging插值法是一种定量化描述地理空间分布格局的方法,主要应用于空间采样以及相关的一些空间格局分析。而物种的地理空间分布是物种在自然及人类活动共同作用下的结果。物种分布的研究目前主要从气候的角度来探讨其与气候之间的关系,并取得了很好的结果,但是仅从气候考虑又有局限性,而且很难真实地反映出物种地理空间的分布格局。因此,将Kriging插值法引进到物种分布的研究中,并以我国广泛分布的物种——栓皮栎为例,探讨其可行性。结果表明：Kriging插值法能很好地拟合物种地理空间分布的实际情况,其误差程度较小。该研究的结果可为物种资源的开发利用和物种的引种栽培提供理论依据。     

Organochlorine pesticide contamination in marine organisms of Yantai coast,northern Yellow Sea of China

To evaluate the contamination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in marine organisms and their potential health risk on consumers in the northern Yellow Sea of China, mollusks, wild shrimps, and crabs were collected from the Yantai coast, and the OCP contents in the samples were analyzed and compared. The results indicate that all the samples have been contaminated by OCPs, and OCP concentrations varied in individual species and in sampling sites. Among the studied OCPs, ∑HCH and ∑DDT concentrations ranged from 0.91 to 13.92 ng g^?1 and from 10.16 to 411.19 ng g^?1, respectively. Meretrix was highly enriched with HCHs, while the highest DDT concentration was found in Crassostrea. For the OCP isomers, β-HCH was the predominant isomer of HCHs, and p,p′-DDE concentration was much higher than other isomers of DDTs. The concentrations of other OCPs (HCB, t-CHL, endrin, and mirex) were relatively low. For the shrimp and crab samples, Alpheus distinguendus samples accumulated a higher level of HCHs but lower DDTs than Oratosquilla aratoria and Carcinoplax vestitus in all sampling areas. HCHs in the samples of contrast area were not significantly lower than that of the sewage outfall area and port area, whereas DDTs in the samples of contrast area were relatively lower than that of the other two areas. Generally, all the OCP contents in the samples are in the range of the edible hygienic criteria except the total concentration of DDTs in Crassostrea.     

公园地表土中多环芳烃的分离提取及含量分析

比较加压液体萃取法、超声波辅助萃取技术和微波辅助提取技术对公园地表土中多环芳烃的提取效率,并对目标化学成分进行分析鉴定。以超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱作为分析方法,共分离检测出16种多环芳烃类化合物,分别为萘、苊、苊烯、氟、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、艹屈、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘和苯并[ghi]苝。结果表明:加压液体萃取法、超声波辅助萃取技术和微波辅助提取技术均可以有效提取公园地表土中多环芳烃类成分。超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术可以有效地分析公园地表土中多环芳烃类成分。     

日本危险废物统计制度的研究

随着社会的变化和技术的进步,日本固体废物的情况也发生了显著的变化,尤其是危险废物的问题,引起社会各界强烈重视.为采取正确合理的危险废物对策,准确地掌握危险废物的产生和处理状况是不可或缺的.文章介绍了日本危险废物统计制度的相关内容,重点阐述了日本危险废物的统计机制和统计数据校验推算方法,并通过对中国与日本危险废物统计制度的比较分析,总结日本危险废物统计制度的经验,提出了完善中国危险废物统计制度的建议.     

Regional distribution of organochlorinated pesticides in pine needles and its indication for socioeconomic development

The regional distribution of 10 potentially harmful organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) was investigated in pine needles from 18 sites in six Chinese regions. The OCPs concentrations in six regions were as follows: sigmaHCH (sigmaHCH=alpha-+beta-+gamma-+delta-HCH), 4.7-51.5 ng/g; sigmaDDT (p,p'-DDT+p,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDD), 0.9-30.9 ng/g; hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1.1-5.3 ng/g; sigmachlordane (cis-chlordane+trans-chlordane), no detected-4.3 ng/g, on dry weight basis. Samples from southeast Chinese area contained the highest concentrations of sigmaHCH, sigmaDDT and sigmachlordane, while the contamination levels of most OCPs in southwest Chinese area were the lowest. The ratios of alpha/gamma-HCH (ranged from 1.7 to 5) were observed to be noticeable increase from north to south China, and the ratio of 1.7 revealed the presence of the recent use of lindane in north Chinese area. The significant decrease of the sum concentrations of alpha-+gamma-HCH from mid-1980s to the present and the strong correlation between alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-HCH (r=0.87-0.98, n=18, p<0.05) indicated the main usage of the technical HCH in history in China. The p,p'-DDE/p,p'-DDT ratios of <1 revealed the new input of p,p'-DDT in south, southeast and southwest Chinese areas, which could be partly contributed to the new use of impure dicofol. Economic development will leave its mark in the environment, however, its impact on the input and distribution of OCPs on a regional scale is unknown. We attempted to use the socioeconomic index (gross domestic product (GDP) per capita) to explain the distribution and input of OCPs and found that HCB and sigmaDDT seemed to be linked to the economic development, while no relationship of HCH was observed. DDE% of sigmaDDT also showed a negative correlation with the GDP per capita.     

厕所污水回用脱色方法及机理研究

采用投加粉末活性炭对经膜生物反应器处理的厕所回用水(膜出水)进行脱色.对厕所回用水中色度物质的成分及分子量分布,对选定高效适用的活性炭及活性炭对厕所回用水中色度物质的去除机理进行了探讨.试验结果表明,使膜出水显色的物质是一类在紫外区有明显吸收或有特征吸收峰的有机物,且大部分物质分子量分布在6～60 KD的范围内.在选定有高效脱色效果的活性炭时,要综合考虑活性炭的亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率2个指标,其中焦糖脱色率有着更重要的意义.厕所回用水脱色是对其各个分子量区间颜色物质去除效果的总和.     

Air quality modeling of interpollutant trading for ozone precursors in an urban area

Emission trading is a market-based approach designed to improve the efficiency and economic viability of emission control programs; emission trading has typically been confined to trades among single pollutants. Interpollutant trading (IPT), as described in this work, allows for trades among emissions of different compounds that affect the same air quality end point, in this work, ambient ozone (O3) concentrations. Because emissions of different compounds impact air quality end points differently, weighting factors or trading ratios (tons of emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) equivalent to a ton of emissions of volatile organic compounds [VOCs]) must be developed to allow for IPT. In this work, IPT indices based on reductions in O3 concentrations and based on reductions in population exposures to O3 were developed and evaluated using a three-dimensional gridded photochemical model for Austin, TX, a city currently on the cusp of nonattainment with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O3 concentrations averaged over 8 hr. Emissions of VOC and NO(x) from area and mobile sources in Austin are larger than emissions from point sources. The analysis indicated that mobile and area sources exhibited similar impacts. Trading ratios based on maximum O3 concentration or population exposure were similar. In contrast, the trading ratios did exhibit significant (more than a factor of two) day-to-day variability. Analysis of the air quality modeling indicated that the daily variability in trading ratios could be attributed to daily variations in both emissions and meteorology.     

关于种植苜蓿草改良沙化土壤的探讨

2004年至2007年在台安县西北部沙化区的洪家农牧场分别选取了沙地、荒地、林地、农田地等7个不同地点作为试验与对照区进行种植苜蓿草改良沙化土壤的实验。通过实验及对土壤速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机质、PH值、含水量的分析,得出苜蓿草可以在台安西北部沙化区良好生长,同时具有提高沙质土壤综合肥力及生态功能的作用,种植苜蓿草还可以为牧业生产提供优良饲草,解决了养殖业原料及草场资源缺乏问题,有利于畜牧业的发展;是沙化地区走种地养地道路的一种生态恢复方式。     

Biosorption and degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brevibacillus brevis</Emphasis> and the influence of decabromodiphenyl ether on cellular metabolic responses

There is global concern about the effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) on environmental and public health. The molecular properties, biosorption, degradation, accumulation, and cellular metabolic effects of BDE209 were investigated in this study to identify the mechanisms involved in the aerobic biodegradation of BDE209. BDE209 is initially absorbed by wall teichoic acid and N-acetylglucosamine side chains in peptidoglycan, and then, BDE209 is transported and debrominated through three pathways, giving tri-, hepta-, octa-, and nona-bromodiphenyl ethers. The C–C bond energies decrease as the number of bromine atoms on the diphenyl decreases. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) inhibit protein expression or accelerate protein degradation and increase membrane permeability and the release of Cl^?, Na⁺, NH₄ ⁺, arabinose, proteins, acetic acid, and oxalic acid. However, PBDEs increase the amounts of K⁺, Mg²⁺, PO₄ ^3?, SO₄ ^2?, and NO₃ ^? assimilated. The biosorption, degradation, accumulation, and removal efficiencies when Brevibacillus brevis (1 g L^?1) was exposed to BDE209 (0.5 mg L^?1) for 7 days were 7.4, 69.5, 16.3, and 94.6 %, respectively.