抗静电纺织品的测试标准浅析与探讨

本文阐述了目前抗静电纺织品的发展现状和主流开发技术路线,结合常用的纺织品抗静电性能测试方法和技术,浅析了目前我国的抗静电纺织品检测标准和方法,探讨了一些技术细节和常见问题。     

低压细水雾控制高架仓库实体火灾的实验研究

高架仓库的建筑和储存特点导致其火灾危险性远大于普通仓库,因此高架仓库的消防系统设计研究日益受到重视。目前,高架仓库主要采用的是ESFR自动灭火系统,细水雾灭火系统的应用还较少。通过低压细水雾灭高架仓库实体火灾的实验,记录喷头工作压力、实验点火时间、开始喷水时间、灭火时间及燃烧物的损失量,分析温度、热辐射强度以及喷头流量数据。结果表明:在限定的仓库高度以及货架高度条件下,低压细水雾灭火系统能够有效保护高架仓库,且较其它水喷淋灭火系统用水量少,造成货物的水渍损失小。     

Determination of levoglucosan and its isomers in size fractions of aerosol standard reference materials

The present study tested the extraction efficiency and quantification reproducibility of anhydrosugars in a series of NIST SRMs using two extraction protocols and isotopically-labeled (d₇-levoglucosan) vs. chemically analogous (sedoheptulosan) surrogates. In both instances, levoglucosan concentrations in the different versions of the Washington, D.C. urban dust standard (SRM 1649, 1649a, 1649b, and RM 8785) were similar. The present test also showed that levoglucosan concentrations were not affected by long-term shelf storage of dry material. Variability of analyses were similar for both surrogates and averaged <5%. Surrogate recoveries were shown to average 103 ± 7% and 97 ± 7% for d₇-levoglucosan and sedoheptulosan, respectively. The choice of solvent was shown to affect recoveries the most (but not variability). Levoglucosan concentrations were either seriously underestimated or overestimated with ethyl acetate extraction when d₇-levoglucosan or sedoheptulosan was used as surrogate, respectively. These results point to the need to use some fraction of polar solvent (i.e. methanol) in the solvent mixture. Anhydrosugar concentrations in the urban dust from the Czech Republic (candidate SRMs 2786 and 2787) were characterized by 3- to 7-fold higher anhydrosugar concentrations than those observed in the Washington, D.C. urban dust. The internal anhydrosugar signatures (i.e. levoglucosan/mannosan ratio: L/M) confirm the predominance of biomass combustion sources in both SRM series with mixed inputs from hardwood and softwood combustion in the Washington, D.C. urban dust and a predominantly softwood source in the Prague urban dust. The uniform distribution of anhydrosugars, across the particle size distribution of both SRM series, confirms earlier studies that low temperature charred materials contribute significant inputs to atmospheric ultrafine particles with long atmospheric residence time and transport ranges.     

对环境监测中产生的可疑结果的分析

文章先是介绍了实验室检测的相关规定,即〈检验和校准实验能力认可准则在化学检测领域的应用说明〉,在此基础上,对可疑结果进行了定义,以及简单分析了如何判断出可疑结果,最后对处理可疑结果以及防御可疑结果的产生进行了分析探索,希望可以文章能有参考的价值.     

关于使用硫代硫酸钠溶液省略标定过程的讨论

通过实验证明使用低浓度的硫代硫酸的钠标液时，可用已配制标定好的硫代硫酸钠标准贮备液直接稀释使用，不需重新标定。此法切实可行，完全能满足样品分析的要求，既省时省力，又节约试剂，值得推广。     

Dust particle sedimentation in the 20 L standard vessel for dust explosion tests

According to the current international standards, to perform the correct evaluation of the explosion and flammability parameters, a uniform distribution of the dust particles should be achieved inside the 20 L and/or 1 m³ standard vessels.CFD simulations have shown that in both standard test vessels (20 L and 1 m³), the dust particles are not uniformly dispersed, being mostly concentrated at the edge of the macro-vortices generated by the injection of the fluid and particle through the nozzle. In addition, only a partial fed of the particles is obtained, and dust particles sedimentation phenomena can occur.As a result, the dust participating to the reactive process may be much lower than the expected nominal concentration in the vessel due to sedimentation and incomplete feeding. Consequently, misleading values of the flammability/explosion parameters could be measured.Particle sedimentation and incomplete feeding depends both on the Stokes number and on the Reynolds number, whereas the concentration distribution depends on the turbulence level, the fluid flow maps, and the number of particles which enter into the vessel through the nozzle.The aim of this work is to evaluate the key parameters (particle size, particle density, and fluid velocity) affecting sedimentation and incomplete feeding in 20 L vessel. To this end, CFD simulations of dust dispersion are performed at varying the particle density and size. Operating maps, in terms of the key parameters and/or their dimensionless combinations, are developed and a correlation for correction of the data is proposed.     

环境监测站如何通过盲样和加标回收考核

探讨了盲样和加标回收两种实验室考核中应注意的细节,介绍了通过考核的一些经验技巧,为实验人员提供了值得借鉴的信息。     

我国农用地土壤环境基准与标准制定研究

在分析我国现行土壤环境质量标准不足的基础上,综述了国外制定农用地土壤环境筛选值的现状,在此基础上提出我国农用地土壤环境基准制定方法学的建议以及我国农用地土壤环境标准体系的框架建议,服务于我国农用地土壤的污染预防、风险筛选和污染农用地的安全利用、修复和风险管控。     

铊污染环境标准分析研究及防治对策建议

梳理了铊的特性分布、毒性危害以及我国发生的铊中毒或污染事件,分析了我国现有环境质量标准、排放标准以及监测分析标准与方法,提出了我国铊污染防治的对策建议。     

二恶英类物质检测分析技术进展

介绍了同位素稀释气相色谱质谱联用和生物快速检测法测定二恶英类化合物的技术进展,概述了国际通用的二恶英类标准分析方法体系,提出了各方法的适用范围,综述了我国二恶英类化合物分析研究现状并对我国二恶英分析检测提出了建议。