水上个体救生具性能要求的比较研究

针对ISO ,IMO ,BS ,MIL ,JIS ,我国GB及JT等具有代表性的技术标准和规范 ,分析和研究了水上个体救生具的整体救生性能、主体材料性能和属具性能要求 ,在进行比较研究的基础上 ,结合国情 ,对于我国水上个体救生具性能改进和技术标准完善 ,提出了建议并指出了发展方向     

Interference by the activated sludge matrix on the analysis of soluble microbial products in wastewater

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effects of complex matrix effects caused by chemical materials on the analysis of key soluble microbial products (SMP) including proteins, humics, carbohydrates, and polysaccharides in activated sludge samples. Emphasis was placed on comparison of the commonly used standard curve technique with standard addition (SA), a technique that differs in that the analytical responses are measured for sample solutions spiked with known quantities of analytes. The results showed that using SA provided a great improvement in compensating for SMP recovery and thus improving measurement accuracy by correcting for matrix effects. Analyte recovery was found to be highly dependent on sample dilution, and changed due to extraction techniques, storage conditions and sample composition. Storage of sample extracts by freezing changed SMP concentrations dramatically, as did storage at 4 °C for as little as 1 d.     

SimuLink模拟活性污泥工艺的研究

以数学软件matlab内嵌的SimuLink工具箱为研究工具,结合国际水协( IWA)提出的活性污泥一号模型(ASM1)对欧盟科学技术合作计划(COST)提供的AO标准工艺流程建立数学模型并加以模拟,将模拟结果和COST提供的标准模拟结果进行比较,在各级反应器内的两者结果基本匹配,认为模型的建立、模拟结果合理可靠,基于该工艺模型的拓展模型和变型可进一步为实际工艺的设计与运行提供参考。     

Work domain analysis for air traffic controller weather displays

INTRODUCTION: Adverse weather conditions have a major impact on National Airspace System (NAS) operations. They create safety hazards for pilots, constrain the usable airspace for air traffic control (ATC), and reduce the overall capacity of the NAS. A system-wide dissemination of weather information to controllers could theoretically improve safety and efficiency. PROBLEM: However, it is currently unclear what weather information would be beneficial for tactical operations. Furthermore, no previous research has empirically evaluated optimal presentation designs for ATC weather displays. Ill-designed weather displays can cause safety hazards by presenting redundant information (i.e., by increasing the cognitive load) and display clutter (e.g., by interfering with the visual extraction of traffic data). METHOD: In the present paper, we outline our use of cognitive work analysis (CWA) techniques for the assessment of weather information needs for terminal controllers. RESULTS: Specifically, we describe how the CWA modeling tools helped us reveal instances in the terminal domain where weather information is lacking or insufficiently disseminated. We used our CWA results to drive the development of weather display concepts and to set up a high-fidelity simulation capability. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: By means of high-fidelity simulations, we can empirically evaluate controller weather information needs in order to propose weather displays for increased aircraft safety and efficiency of terminal operations.     

标准类别指数法在地表水环境质量评价中的应用

在确定水体主要污染物的基础上，以相应水体主要污染物项目为评价项目，以地表水环境质量标准的类别分级为依据，应用模糊数学理论对地表水环境质量或污染程度予以分级。能客观、直观地反映相应地表水体环境质量或污染程度，计算过程简便，是一种可采纳的实用水质评价方法。     

The National Vegetation Classification Standard applied to the remote sensing classification of two semiarid environments

The National Vegetation Classification Standard (NVCS) was implemented at two US National Park Service (NPS) sites in Texas, the Padre Island National Seashore (PINS) and the Lake Meredith National Recreation Area (LMNRA), to provide information for NPS oil and gas management plans. Because NVCS landcover classifications did not exist for these two areas prior to this study, we created landcover classes, through intensive ground and aerial reconnaissance, that characterized the general landscape features and at the same time complied with NVCS guidelines. The created landcover classes were useful for the resource management and were conducive to classification with optical remote sensing systems, such as the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM). In the LMNRA, topographic elevation data were added to the TM data to reduce confusion between cliff, high plains, and forest classes. Classification accuracies (kappa statistics) of 89.9% (0.89) and 88.2% (0.87) in PINS and LMNRA, respectively, verified that the two NPS landholdings were adequately mapped with TM data. Improved sensor systems with higher spectral and spatial resolutions will ultimately refine the broad classes defined in this classification; however, the landcover classifications created in this study have already provided valuable information for the management of both NPS lands. Habitat information provided by the classifications has aided in the placement of inventory and monitoring plots, has assisted oil and gas operators by providing information on sensitive habitats, and has allowed park managers to better use resources when fighting wildland fires and in protecting visitors and the infrastructure of NPS lands.     

浅论海洋沉积物标准的几个问题

简要介绍了海洋沉积物质量基准的研究方法，重点讨论了平衡分配法在确定沉积物基准研究中的广泛用途。理论计算结果与两个海湾多年的监测结果相吻合。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定土壤中的汽油及其组分含量

对土壤中的汽油,采用外标法,经吹扫捕吸仪浓缩后,用气相色谱-质谱法分析定量。同时,用峰面积归一化法,可以测定土壤中汽油的组分含量。     

环境标准物质

介绍了环境标准物质在环境监测技术过程中的意义、分类、种类及技术进展动态，引述文献１７篇．     

碱性法高锰酸盐指数标准分析方法的错误

用葡萄糖标准稀溶液来研究碱性法高锰酸盐指数标准分析方法的错误。当采用碱性高锰酸钾标准溶液分析试样时高锰酸钾是被还原成二氧化锰不是二价锰,溶液酸化后加草酸钠标准溶液时,二氧化锰要与草酸反应掉,滴定消耗的高锰酸钾不能真实反映与试样中还原性物质反应的量,还有高锰酸钾反应掉的摩尔数不是[(10 V1)×K-10]×M;改成碱性的离心法把水浴产生的二氧化锰去掉后进行分析,这样消耗的高锰酸钾量可真实地反映与还原性物质的反应量,同时,反应掉的高锰酸钾摩尔数应为[(10 V1)×K-10]×M×3/5,计算公式相应也要乘系数3/5。因此,应该修改碱性法高锰酸盐指数计算公式和相关操作过程,建议国家标准经修订后重新发布。