盐分对一株硫氧化细菌氧化能力的影响

通过液体选择培养基、平板划线的方法从脱硫污泥中分离筛选出一株硫氧化细菌,并对其进行初步鉴定和生长特性的分析.结果表明,该细菌为化能自养型细菌,短杆状,大小为0.5～0.8 μm×1.2～3.0 μm,革兰氏染色显阴性.以5％的接种量接种于富集培养基,S2-初始浓度为100 mg/L时,SOB在60 h内基本将还原态硫氧化完全,pH最低降到2左右.当溶液中有SO42-量积累和电导率升高后,对SOB氧化S2O32-过程有明显的抑制作用.该菌株对盐分的耐受值为7 650 μS/cm(以电导率计).     

沉积物与盐度对罗红霉素生物有效性的影响

在河口环境,沉积物与盐度对抗生素的生物有效性有重要影响。使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析单一和复合控制系统(水、水-沉积物、水-斑马鱼、水-沉积物-斑马鱼)中的各相态中的罗红霉素,以期量化各相态中罗红霉素的迁移、分布。随着暴露时间延长,水体中罗红霉素浓度不断减少,沉积物和斑马鱼体内罗红霉素不断蓄积。沉积物的存在会减少罗红霉素在斑马鱼中的生物有效性。在高盐度环境下,沉积物拥有更大的吸附效率,符合盐析效应,导致罗红霉素的生物有效性及斑马鱼富集能力下降。水-沉积物-斑马鱼系统达平衡时,沉积物为罗红霉素的主要富集场所,可积累42.0%的罗红霉素。同时,斑马鱼可吸收和富集0.16%的罗红霉素。上述研究为研究抗生素环境行为和毒理提供了参考。     

Evaluation of the Temporal Transferability of a Model Describing Dissolved Solids in Streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin1

Kenney, Terry A. and Susan G. Buto, 2012. Evaluation of the Temporal Transferability of a Model Describing Dissolved Solids in Streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 48(5): 1041‐1053. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2012.00667.x Abstract: The application of a nonlinear least‐squares regression model describing the sources and transport of dissolved solids in streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin, and that was calibrated using data from water year 1991, was evaluated for use in predicting annual dissolved‐solids loads for the years 1974 through 1998. Simulations for each water year were run using annual climate data. To evaluate how well the model captures the observed annual variability across the basin, differences in predicted annual dissolved‐solids loads for each simulated year and 1991 were compared with differences in monitored annual loads. The temporal trend of the differences between predicted annual loads for the simulated years and the load for 1991 generally followed the trend of the monitored loads. The model appears to underpredict the largest annual loads and overpredict some of the smaller annual loads. An underprediction bias for wetter years was evident in the residuals as was an overprediction bias, to a lesser degree, for drier years. A regression analysis on the residuals suggests that the underprediction bias is associated with precipitation differences from 1991 and with previously defined downward trends in dissolved‐solids concentrations in the basin. In general, given the representative climatic conditions, the model adequately performs throughout the period examined. However, the model is most transferable to years with climatic conditions similar to 1991.     

电化学氧化法处理高盐低COD污水研究

文章针对高盐、低COD难降解污水进行电化学氧化法降解有机污染物的研究和试验,介绍了电化学氧化法降解COD、氨氮的原理,探讨了试验对COD、氨氮、聚合物的去除情况,分析了装置的经济性能及试验去除污染物的影响因素。     

砂引草对滨海盐渍沙质土壤改良作用的研究

以山东省威海市高区国际海水浴场的砂引草种群为研究对象,在其根系附近采集实验组土样并在周围的空白地面上采集对照组土样,测定几组能够说明其土质的数据,如土壤中空气的体积、土壤储水能力、有机质含量、土壤pH值等.通过将实验组与对照组进行比较,分析得出在滨海盐渍沙质土生长的砂引草可增加土壤中的空气和有机质含量,提高土壤颗粒的贮水能力,降低土壤pH值,同时还有绿化美观的效果,可为滨海的土质改良和绿化提供帮助.     

阿尔金山自然保护区地表水水化学现状调查与评价

结合2011年阿尔金山保护区水文地质科学考察工作,在对保护区地表水水系、水体类型及特征进行调查分析的基础上,采集了主要地表水体类型的水化学样本,对各样本中的阴阳离子含量、矿化度、pH等水化学指标进行了测试,分析了保护区主要地表水类型的水化学现状特征及其空间变化规律,并与历史调查资料进行了对比分析,探讨了近30年保护区地表水水化学特征发生的变化及主要原因。     

嗜盐菌与高盐度废水生物处理研究进展

嗜盐菌指在高盐环境下生长的细菌,它主要生长在盐湖、盐场等浓缩海水中,以及腌鱼、盐兽皮等盐制品上。本文简要介绍了嗜盐菌的分类、形态特征和嗜盐机理。国内外学者采用了不同的工艺研究了高盐度废水生化处理的可行性,研究得出盐度对生物处理系统存在不同的影响,本文综述了盐度对生物处理系统有机物去除率和脱氮除磷效果的影响以及在污泥驯化过程中微生物相、优势菌种和污泥沉降性能的变化;总结了嗜盐菌在高盐度废水生物处理中的应用,为这方面的进一步研究提供参考。     

盐度对军曹鱼稚鱼血液生理生化及鳃Na~+-K~+ ATPase活性的影响

军曹鱼稚鱼[体重(6.52±0.71)g]在适应不同盐度(5、10、20、30和37)14 d后盐度5和10处理组特定生长率(SGR)显著低于其它组(P﹤0.05),且该两组血红蛋白、血细胞比容和红细胞数也显著低于盐度30和37组, 而血清皮质醇和乳酸含量则明显高于盐度30和37组.此外,低盐度组中稚鱼血糖有升高趋势,门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)含量随盐度降低而升高,但碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)变化则相反.血清渗透压、Na+ 和Cl-离子浓度与盐度呈正相关,而K+浓度呈负相关.鳃NKA活性在盐度20组中最低,在盐度10组中最高.研究显示军曹鱼稚鱼有较强的盐度适应能力,适度降低盐度并不影响其生长,但在过低盐度中仍呈应激反应,且盐度变化还可影响多项血液生理生化指标.     

高盐废水盐度对中度嗜盐菌生长动力学的影响

高盐废水盐度变化是影响微生物生长的重要因素之一。研究以中度嗜盐菌Halomonassp．STSY．3为例，测定其在不同盐度下生长对数期末OD600,并以葡萄糖为限制性基质，利用Monod方程，对菌株进行生长动力学拟合。结果表明，Halomonassp．STSY-3的最适生长盐度为7％（以NaCl计），此盐度下其OD600 为2．56，而0%和34％盐度下OD600分别为0．47和0．06；Halomonassp．STSY-3的生长动力学模型与实验数据能较好地拟合，在最适生长盐度下动力学模型参数μmax 为2．257h-1，Ks为0．0082g／L。比较不同盐度下STSY-3生长动力学参数，得出中度嗜盐菌STSY-3的生长存在3个明显分区：最适盐度区（盐度2％～9％）、嗜盐过渡区（盐度9％～20％和0．68％～1．76％）及生长抑制区（盐度≤2％或≥20％）。其中嗜盐过渡区0．68％～1．76％由于范围较小，实际意义小，忽略不计。     

A dynamic hydrological Monte Carlo simulation model to inform decision-making at Lake Toolibin,Western Australia

Lake Toolibin, an ephemeral lake in the agricultural zone of Western Australia, is under threat from secondary salinity due to land clearance throughout the catchment. The lake is extensively covered with native vegetation and is a Ramsar listed wetland, being one of the few remaining significant migratory bird habitats in the region. Currently, inflow with salinity greater than 1000 mg/L TDS is diverted from the lake in an effort to protect sensitive lakebed vegetation. However, this conservative threshold compromises the frequency and extent of lake inundation, which is essential for bird breeding. It is speculated that relaxing the threshold to 5000 mg/L may pose negligible additional risk to the condition of lakebed vegetation. To characterise the magnitude of improvement in the provision of bird breeding habitat that might be generated by relaxing the threshold, a dynamic water and salt balance model of the lake was developed and implemented using Monte Carlo simulation. Results from best estimate model inputs indicate that relaxation of the threshold increases the likelihood of satisfying habitat requirements by a factor of 9.7. A second-order Monte Carlo analysis incorporating incertitude generated plausible bounds of [2.6, 37.5] around the best estimate for the relative likelihood of satisfying habitat requirements. Parameter-specific sensitivity analyses suggest the availability of habitat is most sensitive to pan evaporation, lower than expected inflow volume, and higher than expected inflow salt concentration. The characterisation of uncertainty associated with environmental variation and incertitude allows managers to make informed risk-weighted decisions.