活性炭吸附和脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气的研究

根据滑动弧放电等离子体适于降解高浓度有机物废气的特性,结合活性炭吸附法,提出了吸附器的吸附浓缩和热脱附-等离子体氧化净化有机废气的方法。在活性炭吸附过程中,最初2 h内甲苯净化率达到100%,随着时间的增加净化率下降;在热脱附滑动弧放电等离子体净化过程中,甲苯降解效率最高为97.3%。将滑动弧放电等离子体反应器出口气相产物收集进行FT-IR检测,发现放电后有CO2、CO、H2O和NO2产生,并分析了甲苯的降解机理。     

核电站温排水遥感监测方法研究——以田湾核电站为例

以江苏省连云港田湾核电站为主要研究区，通过热红外遥感技术研究温排水热污染现象，综合应用美国Landsat卫星热红外波段数据及地面气象测站资料，定量反演核电站建成前后附近海域水温分布与变化情况。研究结果表明，遥感技术完全能够满足温排水监测要求，对于完善近岸海域生态环境保护工作具有积极意义。     

珠三角地区造纸行业排水中二 NFDA1 英(PCDD/Fs)特征分析

研究采用¹³C同位素内标稀释定量法,高分辨气相色谱质谱法(HRGC-HRMS)对珠三角地区造纸行业排水中PCDD/Fs特征进行了分析。结果表明,该地区造纸行业PCDD/Fs含量为:4.75~80.05 pg/L,且以OCDD占主导地位;同时该类行业PCDD/Fs的TEQ为:0.21~2.02 pg TEQ/L。最后通过对该类行业排水中PCDD/Fs的TEQ年排放量进行讨论,其结果为0.30~12.97 mg TEQ,且年平均排放量(4.42 mgTEQ)只占我国造纸行业TEQ总排放量的很小一部分。     

低温等离子体氧化水中难降解有机物研究

实验将介质阻挡放电与电晕放电组合在同一个反应器内,实验废水为直接大红染料溶液,将高压电极上通人50 Hz交流高压电,介质阻挡放电系统的电极间距为30 mm、电晕放电系统电极间距为25 mm、电源电压20 kV,利用常压空气中形成的雾化水电极介质阻挡放电/电晕放电低温等离子体及其活性基团作用于难降解有机物分子.实验分析了...     

介质阻挡放电联合催化臭氧化降解甲苯

采用介质阻挡放电区后结合MnOx/Al2O3/发泡镍去除甲苯,考察甲苯进气方式、臭氧产生方法及湿度对甲苯与O3同时去除的影响。结果表明,O3是等离子体区后催化降解甲苯的主要物种,介质阻挡放电联合催化臭氧化可实现甲苯及O3的同时高效去除。输入电压为9.0 kV时,甲苯的去除效率达92.8%,在80 min内O3的去除效率维持在99%以上。水蒸气对催化剂催化分解臭氧的活性没有直接的影响,O3浓度较高时湿度对甲苯降解效率的影响很小。GC-MS分析结果表明,甲苯降解的主要气相副产物有烷烃、酸、酮和含苯环有机物,提出了甲苯的降解途径。     

尾矿高浓度排放技术的发展概况及展望

对于尾矿传统湿排技术来说,不仅坝体的稳定性差,对环境也有极大的影响,然而高浓度排放技术有效地缓解或解决了这些问题。文章从尾矿脱水、料浆输送和尾矿沉积等多方面,介绍了高浓度排放国内外发展情况,如多段式到一段式脱水和脱水设备的发展、泵压输送中泵送设备的类型,以及尾矿沉积中排放口的布置方式等。介绍了边坡角预测理论,主要包括Blight和Bentel边坡角预测模型、Kupper提出的边坡角经验公式,以及Sofra和Boger提出的边坡角经验公式。指出了高浓度排放技术存在的问题,如膏体的定义不清晰、高浓度排放的适用条件、沉积裂缝和边坡角预测模型不精确。最后总结了高浓度排放的发展趋势,如膏体排放模式、排放口的中央式布置和设备选型,如高浓度底流和处理量的脱水设备,以及高压高效率的泵送设备等。     

FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS FOR SMALL WATERSHEDS IN SOUTHERN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: Twenty-two gaging stations were selected for developing a regional flood frequency curve for small (area less than 2 square miles) watersheds in southern Illinois. Five probability functions were compared, and the extreme value type I function was selected to develop the regional flood curve. The curve was generated with the index flood method and also another empirical method that related the function parameters to the watershed area. Estimated peak discharges with various return periods were compared with the results obtained from multiple regression analysis.     

Protozooplankton in the Deep Oligotrophic Traunsee (Austria) Influenced by Discharges of Soda and Salt Industries

Traunsee is a deep oligotrophic lake in Austria characterised by an artificial enrichment of chloride in the hypolimnion (up to 170 mg L^-1) caused by waste disposal of soda and salt industries. Protists were collected monthly over one year, observed alive and after Quantitative Protargol Staining (ciliates) or via epifluorescence microscopy (heterotrophic flagellates). Three sites within the lake (0–40 m depths) were compared to deeper water layers from 60–160 m depths where chloride concentrations and conductivity were increased. In addition, we observed the protozooplankton of two neighbouring lakes, i.e. reference systems, during one sampling occasion. In Traunsee the abundance of ciliates was low (200–36 600 cells L^-1) in contrast to high species diversity (at least 60 different species; H_S = 2.6) throughout the year. The main pelagic species in terms of abundance were small oligotrichs and prostomatids like Rimostrombidium brachykinetum/hyalinum, Balanion planctonicum and Urotricha spp. throughout the investigation period. Among free-living heterotrophic flagellates, which occurred at densities of 40–2800 cells mL^-1, small morphotypes dominated in the pelagial. No differences at the community level between the three lakes could be observed and pelagic ciliates and flagellates seemed not to be affected by increased chloride concentrations or by enhanced conductivity.     

石油化工建设项目环境保护管理的新形势和新要求

解读《建设项目环境保护管理条例》修订的要点,剖析当前石油化工建设项目环境保护管理体系的核心由“环评制度”逐步向“排污许可证制度”转变的现实情况,及与此相应的环保行政主管部门对建设单位和设计咨询单位的环保工作提出的新要求。从实际工作出发,总结了中国石化系统和民营企业石油化工建设项目在新形势下环保管理工作的特点、遇到的问题及解决方案。     

DISTRIBUTED DISCHARGE OF COOLING WATER ALONG DIRECTION OF STREAM FLOW1

ABSTRACT. A multiple-outfall system for cooling water disposal which is distributed along the direction of stream flow is analyzed. The results provide a simple method of preliminary design of a cooling water discharge outfall system and for a quick extimate of water quality of a polluted stream. It is shown that a properly designed distributed discharge system is capable of preventing serious pollution due to localized discharge of wastes and waste heat; however, the final design of the discharge system should take into account alternative schemes of waste heat disposal and their economic consequences.