亚甲蓝比色法测定水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法探讨

采用亚甲蓝比色法测定水中阴离子洗涤剂是目前较为简便、迅速、准确可靠又经济的测定方法。样品经中速定性滤纸过滤除去悬浮物后，加入酚酞试剂经酸碱中和后直接加入亚甲蓝显色液，用三氯甲烷分次萃取，该实验相对偏差，工作曲线、相关系数均达到了方法所规定的要求。     

表面活性剂修饰氧化铋形貌及其超声降解性能研究

本实验分别用阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)以及两种表面活性剂耦合进行修饰氧化铋形貌,并对修饰后的样品进行XRD、EDS、XPS、SEM等表征分析;同时探讨了表面活性剂修饰后的氧化铋在超声作用下对直接大红的最佳投加量和降解性能.结果表明:催化剂的最佳投加量为75 mg,最佳降解性能的样品为阴阳离子表面活性剂耦合修饰的氧化铋;当催化剂投加量为75 mg、初始浓度为10 mg·L-1、超声频率为45 k Hz、功率为100 W时,表面活性剂SDBS与CTAB在比例为1∶1耦合时修饰的氧化铋在20 min内对直接大红的总去除率达到99.4%,比空白实验提高16倍多.     

双阳离子有机膨润土对菲的吸附性能及机理研究

用长碳链季铵盐溴化十六烷基三甲胺（ＣＴＭＡＢ）与短碳链阳离子表面活性剂（ＴＭＡＢ）按不同配比改性膨润土。制得一系列双阳离子有机膨润土。研究了双阳离子有机膨润土吸附水中菲的适宜条件、性能及机理，结果表明，双阳离子有机膨润土的层间距、有机碳含晡对菲的吸附性能与改性时表面活性剂的加入量成正相关；菲等温吸附曲线呈线性，是菲在水－双阳离子有机膨润土之间分配作用的结果。     

表面活性剂清洗法在污染土壤修复中的应用

探讨了表面活性剂清洗法对土壤中芳烃类污染物的清除作用,并对常州市染化厂原址污染现场土壤样品进行了清洗研究．研究表明,表面活性剂对土壤中的芳烃类污染物有很好的去除效果,十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液对土壤中苯酚、硝基苯洗脱率分别达９３．９７％ 和７８．７４％ ．对污染现场土壤样品中主要污染物的洗脱率达９０％ 以上     

土壤环境中阴离子表面活性剂的分布

采集了南京市附近及苏南吴县地区不同土壤及相关水样,用苯胺兰１号比色法分析阴离子表面活性浓度,结果表明土壤环境中其浓度为０．１４ｍｇ／ｋｇ～３．８４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,水样中为０．１７ｍｇ／ｋｇ～０．４６ｍｇ／Ｌ,并且其浓度与土壤剖面深度、环境污染冲击类型及土壤利用方式有关。     

The “Short Cut” Approach for the Reality of Enhanced Groundwater Contamination

Based on the reality of (a) soil heterogeneity in the vadose zone, (b) enhanced desorption from soil and solubility in water of water insoluble contaminants in the presence of surfactants, and (c) wetting/drying cycles of groundwater recharge (a major cause of fractures formation), a coherent “short-cut” conceptual approach is advanced to account for enhanced groundwater contamination. This is an attempt to close the gap between theory, lab simulations and conventional modelling-based predictions, and observed higher concentrations and more rapid arrival times of contaminants reaching groundwater. Recent data concerning chloride ion and non-ionic surfactants concentrations in aquifers and groundwater wells, combined with previous results concerning the concentrations of tritium, chlorides, metals, organic hydrocarbons and surfactants in the unsaturated and saturated zones of Israel's aquifers, are accounted for in terms of the “short-cut” approach. The contradiction between predictions of groundwater contamination made with conventional, deterministic, homogeneous models and the actual observed behavior of contaminants in soils and aquifers is thus explaind. The “short cut” approach should not be perceived as a better type of model to guide modelling. Rather, it is a proposal for a conceptual change from the realistically invalid, but commonly accepted, conventional “buffer-protective soil/long-term groundwater contamination” to the “short cut” conceptual model to explain the enhanced groundwater contamination actually observed. Although the validity of the proposed approach is strongly supported by the data here presented for the case of Israel (serving as an illustrative case study), selected results and conclusions drawn from studies conducted worldwide suggest its general applicability and usefulness. A major conclusion evolved from the “short-cut” conceptual model is that contemporary groundwater management policies, based on the current perception of groundwater contamination processes and their modelling, may result in an irreversible detrimental effect on the environmental situation in the long run. In any case, prevention, rather than correction/remediation, is strongly recommended as the strategy of choice for rational long-term management of groundwater resources.     

Biodegradation of synthetic surfactants by river microorganisms

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Study on aqueous two-phase systems of the mixture SDS/CTAB surfactants

The phenomenon of two dilute aqueous phases composed of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) was investigated under various conditions such as concentrations and molar ratios of the two surfactants, the addition of sodium chloride and temperature. Vesicles formation was found in the both phases by TEM image.     

改性粉煤灰处理含阳离子表面活性剂废水的研究

以粉煤灰作为吸附剂 ,研究了含阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB为 2 0～ 12 0mg L的模拟废水去除CTMAB的一般规律。研究结果表明 ,以CaO为改性剂改性的粉煤灰对含阳离子表面活性剂废水具有良好的吸附性能 ,在含CTMAB浓度为 2 0～ 12 0mg L ,改性粉煤灰用量每 2 0 0mL为 2 0～ 2 5g,粒径范围 2 0 0～ 180目 ,pH为 12～ 13的实验条件下 ,CTMAB的去除率最高可达 98%以上     

有机物料及表面活性剂对植物修复菲污染土壤的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了外源有机物料及表面活性剂加入菲污染土壤后黑麦草对土壤中菲的修复作用.结果表明,有机物料(绿肥和猪粪堆肥)施入土壤后,黑麦草地上部和地下部的生物量比对照增加了13.54～24.18%,而表面活性剂(T80、SDS、CTAB)的加入却降低了黑麦草的生物量;结果还显示,有机物料和表面活性剂加入都可以提高植株体内菲的含量,但植株吸收积累菲的量占土壤菲总损失量的比例不足0.1%.本研究表明,植物从土壤中吸收菲不是植物修复菲污染土壤的主要机制.