地震应急指挥系统的预计算与过程自动化管理

预计算旨在震时特殊情况下能及时为指挥决策者提供震害快速评估结果。在现有区域版地震应急指挥技术系统的基础上,对目标区域进行网格划分,设定地震发生点的位置和震级大小,获取设定点的震害评估结果和辅助决策信息,并将计算结果存到本地磁盘。计算过程完全通过自动监控和管理实现。这些结果在震时网络中断、系统崩溃情况下,可根据实际情况修改为最接近实际地震的震中和震级的评估结果,为指挥者提供决策参考信息。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂低温SCR烟气脱硝技术研究

针对生活垃圾焚烧产生的NOx的处理要求提高,提出一种低温SCR脱硝工艺,给出了该工艺的流程图,并详细分析了影响脱硝效果的因素,比较分析了相比SNCR、常规SCR,低温SCR工艺所具备的优势。     

Comparison of UV/PDS and UV/H2O2 processes for the degradation of atenolol in water

UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxodisulfate (PDS) processes were adopted to degrade a typical β-blocker atenolol (ATL). The degradation efficiencies under various operational parameters (oxidant dosage, pH, HCO3-, humic acid (HA), NO3- , and Cl-) were compared. Principal factor analysis was also performed with a statistical method for the two processes. It was found that increasing the specific dosage of the two peroxides ([peroxide]0/[ATL]0 ) ranging from 1:1 to 8:1 led to a faster degradation rate but also higher peroxide residual. Within the pH range 3-11, the optimum pH was 7 for the UV/PDS process and elevating pH benefitted the UV/H 2O2 process. The presence of HCO3- , HA, and Cl adversely affected ATL oxidation in both processes. The NO3- concentration 1-3 mmol/L accelerated the destruction of ATL by the UV/PDS process, but further increase of NO3- concentration retarded the degradation process, contrary to the case in the UV/H2O2 process. The rank orders of effects caused by the six operational parameters were pH ≈ specific dosage > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 > [Cl-]0 for the UV/H2O2 process and specific dosage > pH > [HA]0 > [NO3-]0 > [HCO3-]0 >[Cl-]0 for the UV/PDS process. The UV/PDS process was more sensitive to changes in operational parameters than the UV/H2O2 process but more efficient in ATL removal under the same conditions.     

活性污泥处理偶氮染料废水过程中胞外聚合物特性研究

采用序批式反应器(SBR)考察了偶氮染料浓度对活性污泥的污染物去除性能及胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)的影响.结果表明,COD、染料及营养物的去除率均随着进水染料浓度的增加而下降,但进水染料浓度对EPS的影响却呈现不同的趋势.当进水染料浓度为5 ～40 mg·L-1时,EPS含量随着染料浓度的增加而增加;当进水染料浓度超过40 mg·L-1时,EPS含量却随着染料浓度的增加而减少.染料的加入导致活性污泥EPS中蛋白质的含量增加,且其变化趋势与EPS变化一致;EPS中腐殖酸的浓度低于蛋白质浓度;而EPS中多糖的浓度最低,为8 mg·g-1.三维荧光光谱结果显示,不同染料浓度下EPS荧光吸收峰数量及位置相同,分别为类蛋白峰(λEx/λEm=240 nm/375 ～394 nm)和类富里酸类峰(λEx/λEm =270 nm/410～416 nm),但两个吸收峰的荧光强度不同.     

瓯江引水工程对温瑞塘河水氮磷含量的影响

瓯江引水工程是改善温瑞塘河生态环境的一项重要措施,然而瓯江江水的输入带来了大量的悬移质泥沙。文章通过实验室模拟,研究不同含沙量条件下,江水携带的悬移质泥沙对塘河河水中氮、磷的动力学吸附特征及沉降净化作用。结果表明:悬沙对河水中氮、磷的动力学吸附分别需8 h和12 h达到平衡,但吸附效果不明显。含沙量为0.5 kg/m3的水体中悬沙对氮、磷的净吸附比仅分别为5.9%、2.5%。在静水环境下,泥沙沉降对总磷的携带作用强于总氮,且能吸附少量水相磷。泥沙沉降携带作用在高含沙量水体中较明显。     

Effects of fenvalerate concentrations and its chiral isomers on bacterial community structure in the sediment environment of aquaculture ponds

To investigate the effect of chiral pesticide fenvalerate (FV) on the micro-ecological environment of aquaculture pond sediment, we used an indoor static experiment to observe the effects of FV added at different concentrations with different chiral isomers on the changes in the sediment bacterial community. The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technique was used to conduct sequencing and analysis of the bacterial community structure as well as changes in aquaculture pond sediments after 4 weeks of cultivation. The results showed that the microbial alpha diversity indices (Sobs and Shannon indices) of the treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group after 4 weeks (P < 0.05), and the values in the high-concentration group were significantly lower than those of the low-concentration group (P < 0.05). In terms of bacterial group composition, the proportion of abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in the treated groups were greater than in the control group after 4 weeks, while the proportion of abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were lower. In the high-concentration FV treatment group, the proportion of abundance of Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospinae, unclassified_k_norank, Ignavibacteriae, and Nitrospirae were significantly different from those of the other groups (P < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and ANONISIM/Adonis analysis showed that the cis-enantiomer had a stronger effect on the bacterial community as the concentration of FV increased. In addition, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results revealed differences in the level of enrichment of bacterial groups caused by FV at different concentrations and isomer levels. Collectively, this study showed that FV residue has a pronounced effect on bacterial communities in sediment, which becomes more significant with increasing exposure concentration. The effects of the cis- and trans-enantiomers of FV on the sediment environment are different; the cis-enantiomer has a stronger effect on the bacterial community.

     

A trust-enhanced and preference-aware collaborative method for recommending new energy vehicle

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - New energy vehicle (NEV), an Eco-friendly innovation to alleviate the problems of energy scarcity and environmental pollution, is increasingly popular...     

Antibiotic accumulation,growth performance,intestinal diversification,and function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed by diets supplemented with different doses of sulfamethoxazole

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To comprehensively investigate the effects of exposure to legal doses of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fishes were...     

三峡库区城市富营养化河流凋落物的混合分解效应

以三峡库区重庆市主城段清水溪为典型的城市富营养化河流代表,选取河岸带3种常见凋落叶为分解对象,设计了7种凋落物组合（3个单种和4个混合物种）和3种孔径的分解袋（50μm、250μm和2mm）,开展原位实验,探讨混合凋落物的性状、功能多样性与底栖分解者类群及其交互作用对叶片质量损失和混合效应的影响.结果表明,仅有50%的处理表现为显著非加和效应（且均为负值）,这与凋落物的性状密切相关.随着混合凋落物功能离散度的增加,尤其组合中含高木质素等难分解物质的凋落物时,分解变慢.微生物在富营养化河流混合凋落物的分解中占主导作用,小型和大型底栖动物均抑制了混合凋落物的分解过程.在富营养化河流的修复过程中,需重视河流凋落物分解功能,注重调整河岸带植物的配置,以及提升底栖动物的生物多样性并恢复底栖动物在凋落物分解中的正面效应.     

Nano Fe2O3 embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate

Nano-Fe₂O₃ embedded in montmorillonite particles (Fe-Mt) were prepared to degrade diethyl phthalate (DEP) with citric acid (CA) under xenon light irradiation. Compared to pristine montmorillonite (Na-Mt), the embedding process increased 14.5-fold of iron content and 1.8-fold of specific surface area. The synthesized Fe-Mt have more oxygen vacancies than Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (nFe₂O₃), which could induce more reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation in the presence of CA under xenon lamp irradiation. Fe-Mt with CA enhanced photo-assisted degradation of DEP 2.5 times as compared to nFe₂O₃ with CA. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and identification of products confirmed that surface-bound ?OH was the main radical to degrade DEP. Common anions (i.e., NO₃^?, CO₃^2?, Cl^?) and humic acid could compete ?OH with DEP and cause slower degradation of DEP. The removal efficiency of DEP was more than 56% with Fe-Mt after three recycles, and the dissolved Fe concentration from Fe-Mt was below 75 μmol/L, indicating Fe-Mt had a good stability as a catalyst. Fe-Mt together with CA appeared to be a promising strategy to remove organic pollutants in surface water, or topsoil under solar irradiation.