基于生态足迹的土地利用规划生态成效定量分析——以河北省廊坊市为例

我国新一轮土地利用总体规划修编工作势必要求对未来区域土地利用变化的生态影响进行全面、科学、定量的评价。目前,生态足迹及其相关模型已延伸至诸多领域,但应用于土地利用规划领域的研究尚少。论文以廊坊市为例,通过计算人均生态足迹和生态承载力的变化率和剪刀差,分析廊坊市土地利用总体规划(1997-2010年)规划实施期(1997-2004年)和规划影响期(2005-2010年)的人均生态足迹与生态承载力的变化趋势及差异,进而分析土地利用规划的生态成效。研究结果表明:①规划期(1997-2010年)廊坊市人均生态足迹与生态承载力呈反向发展趋势,人均生态赤字持续增加;②规划期(1997-2010年)廊坊市人均生态足迹与生态承载力变化趋势差异以2000年为界先减小后增大,未来几年内廊坊市生态环境的变化趋势不容乐观;③廊坊市土地利用总体规划(1997-2010年)取得了一定生态成效,但规划预期生态供给难以实现。因此,廊坊市新一轮土地利用总体规划(2005-2020年)重点应从片面强调建设用地数量提升向优化土地利用结构布局转变,加强科学、节约、集约土地利用。     

Ecologically based policy evaluation: application to ungulate management in New Zealand

Introduced ungulates, e.g., deer and Himalayan tahr, are variously considered as both pests and resources in New Zealand. Much ecological research has occurred into these species and into the ecosystems in which they live. Concurrently, much has been done to develop ‘management’ plans for these species. We reviewed ecological research relevant to these ungulates and developed ecologically relevant criteria to assess the extent to which these have been considered in these plans. Nine criteria were developed within four thematic areas: ecological principles, objectives and outcomes, adaptive management, and use of science information. Four planning documents were then evaluated. All four poorly or at best marginally considered fundamental ecological principles: only the Himalayan thar control plan scored well in terms of having objectives and outcomes that were clearly ecologically based; the thar plan was very strong in terms of its commitment to implementing adaptive management; and, in terms of using the best available science both the thar plan and the deer issues and options paper scored well. Overall, ecological science and principles have not played major roles in the development of some of these plans, probably because ultimately they reflect political choices that are difficult to support with the available ecological research.     

大理州生态环境监理规划

生态环境监理是环保执法体系的一个重要内容,如何做好生态环境监理工作是新时期环保工作面临的一个新问题,其中做好生态环境监理规划尤其重要,本文对大理州生态环境监理规划的主要部分进行论述,以期对生态环境监理工作进行研究和指导.     

城市噪声污染控制达标规划方法研究 --以山西省大同市为例

随着城市建设、交通和旅游业的发展,噪声污染已成为大同市的主要环境问题之一.对此,依据关于重点城市环境质量全面达标规划的要求,开展大同市噪声污染控制达标规划.在大同市声环境质量现状评价的基础上,结合该市社会经济发展规划,详细划分了声环境功能区并制定了噪声污染控制达标规划的目标和指标体系.进而,通过对各类噪声源进行预测分析,提出了分阶段的噪声污染控制对策.     

模拟退火法优化约束条件下造林规划设计的研究

模拟退火法是一种新的优化算法 ,文中首次提出用该法确定在资金、计划、苗木品种和数量等约束条件下小班造林规划设计最优方案 ,并阐述其数学模型和具体方法。笔者用97个造林小班资料 ,应用模拟退火法对在约束条件下的小班造林规划设计进行了方案优化 ,结果表明该法优化约束条件下造林规划设计效果很理想。     

Incentive problems in Canada's land markets: Emphasis on Ontario

The specific issue addressed in this paper is urban encroachment on agricultural lands, and the problems it poses for both analysis and the conservation of the land resource. The purpose of our discussion is two-fold: (1) to identify where and why traditional analytical and regulatory approaches fail to resolve land use conflicts, and (2) to explore ways and means of resolving some of the dilemmas which society faces in making land use decisions. This paper's contribution is in the spirit of Getting Incentives Right for the inter-temporal transfer of wealth, as represented in trade-offs between environmental and resource endowments and human and physical capital. Efforts are placed on identifying what the appropriate price, levy, taxes, and grant ratios ought to be in order to encourage individuals in the marketplace to act in society's interest. We have also explored ways of efficiently transmitting those incentives through the market mechanism, without unduly relying on bureaucratic methods or suasion. Emphasis is placed on mechanisms that have little scope for preferential access and are subject to public scrutiny; emphasis on such self-disciplining approaches should result in less effort expended on (unproductive) lobbying activities and bureaucratic administration.Brad Gilmour and Ted Huffman are Policy Analyst and Land Use Specialist respectively with Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Andy Terauds and Charlie Jefferson are chairman and secretary respectively for the Ontario Institute of Agrologists Ottawa Branch Land Use Committee. This paper is intended to provoke thought and stimulate debate for input into the land use policy process and should not be seen as representing the views and policies of either Agriculture Canada or the Ontario Institute of Agrologists.     

生态工业园区产业规划布局研究——以山东临沂高新技术产业开发区为例

文章介绍了生态工业园的发展概况,提出了临沂高新技术产业开发区生态工业园产业布局规划的原则和方法,深入分析了生态工业园现状条件、物流、能流、信息流,并对该生态工业园区进行了功能分区,设计了总体框架和空间布局,确定了园区以电子信息产业为先导、以新材料产业和生物工程产业为核心的产业发展模式,并细化了主导产业的发展方向,确立了该生态工业园的产业选择和近期可发展的项目,提出了产业规划与生态环境的规划相结合的环境对策,以期对临沂高新技术产业开发区生态工业园的规划建设提供依据.     

An urban traffic environment model

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安宁工业区社会经济与环境持续发展战略规划

安宁是昆明的工业卫星城市和全省冶金、盐、磷化工业基地，限制其发展的环境因素主要是区域大气和水环境容量太小。围绕调整产业结构和工业布局等原则，将其划分为５个环境功能区和１个环境功能带。在未来发展中，走可持续发展道路，在布局上合理利用环境容量，加速城市化发展，加大环保投入，同时实施区域环境管理战略、污染防治战略、螳螂川水环境污染防治战略和区域水资源调控战略。     

淮安市水污染控制规划研究

淮安市严重的水污染已威胁到当地饮用水及南水北调东线调水的水质安全。根据水污染形势，提出了淮安市“控源导流、清污两制、3级控制、3级标准”的水污染控制战略。基于这一基本思想，构建了淮安市污染源头控制、污水集中处理、尾水调度处置的水污染全过程控制规划方案，确定了淮河入海水道南偏泓作为淮安市区域城市尾水的受纳与处置通道，论证了尾水生态系统的构成、尾水的调度方案，并对南偏泓3级河道稳定塘的水质进行了模拟。