上海市文教区大气中苯系物冬季污染特征

2004年冬天对上海市文教区大气中的苯系物(BTEX-苯,甲苯,乙苯和二甲苯)浓度进行了监测.结果表明,上海市文教区冬季苯、甲苯、乙苯、对问二甲苯、邻二甲苯的平均浓度分别为13.23 μg/m3,43.66 μ g/m3,13.50μg/m3,16.49 μ g/m3,5.52μg/m3,高于国内外相似功能区的苯系物浓度,与国外大城市交通干道附近的浓度相近.所测苯系物中,甲苯的含量最高,达47.3%.白天苯系物浓度高于夜间.甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯相互间具有较好的相关性,但与苯的相关性不显著,说明苯的来源不同与其他苯系物.     

Characterization of fine organic particulate matter from Chinese cooking

PM2.5 samples were collected by a three-stage cascade impactor at two kinds of Chinese restaurants to characterize fine organic particulate matter from Chinese cooking sources. Major individual organic compounds have been quantified by GC/MS, including series of alkanes, n-alkanoic acids, n-alkanals, alkan-2-0nes and PAHs.Alkanes and ketones make up a significant fraction of particle-phase organic compounds, ranging from C11 to C26,and (C9 to C19, respectively. In addition, other organic compound classes have been identified, such as alkanols,esters, furans, lactones, amides, and nitriles. The mass concentrations of fine particles, alkanes, n-alkanoic acids and PAHs in air emitted from the Uigur style cooking are hundreds times higher than ambient PM2.5in Beijing.     

2005年衡水市区环境污染经济损失估算

衡水市是一个高速发展中的中等城市,在其发展过程中,对环境造成了一定的破坏.根据衡水市的环境监测资料、国民经济统计资料、卫生统计资料等,借鉴与衡水市区实际情况比较符合的参数,运用人力资本法、生产率变动法、土地价值损失法、成果参照法等环境经济学方法,分别估算了2005年大气污染、水污染、固体废弃物污染造成的经济损失.初步估算出衡水市区2005年环境污染经济损失约为2.99亿元.     

珠江三角洲火电群SO2污染及防治对策研究

在已有的大气环境质量资料和污染源排放资料基础上，用建立的珠江三角洲空气污染数值模式，经验证，计算了珠江三角洲２０００年，２０１０年的电力工业的ＳＯ２污染和对３个污染防治对策方案进行了分析，认为只有采取适当的限制燃料含硫量和大型燃煤电厂烟气脱硫等防治措施，才能控制ＳＯ２污染加重的趋势。     

微生物降解法脱硫的可行性探讨

燃烧高硫煤造成大气污染已引起人们的高度重视，用微生物降解法脱除煤中硫是一项新的生物脱硫技术。本文主要介绍微生物降解脱硫新技术，并从理论及脱硫效果上进行了的叙述。     

基于Cx-DBT的微生物脱硫研究进展

烷基取代二苯并噻吩Cx-DBT作为微生物脱除煤中有机硫研究的模型化合物在理论和研究实践中可以获得足够的支持，而传统的脱硫研究仅仅是围绕单一模型化合物DBT展开的。对已经用于研究工作的模型化合物和基于Cx-DBT的微生物脱硫研究进展进行了论述，分析了取代基、分子形态和温度等参数对于微生物脱除Cx—DBT结构中有机硫活性的影响，介绍了不对称取代Cx-DBT脱硫时的第一个C—S键断裂的优先模式和微生物脱硫酶系统的不同识别特征。     

Preparation and emission characteristics of ethanol-diesel fuel blends

The preparation of ethanol-diesel fuel blends and their emission characteristics were investigated. Results showed the absolute ethanol can dissolve in diesel fuel at an arbitrary ratio and a small quantity of water(0.2% ) addition can lead to the phase separation of blends. An organic additive was synthesized and it can develop the ability of resistance to water and maintain the stability of ethanol-diesel-trace amounts of water system. The emission characteristics of 10%, 20%, and 30% ethanol-diesel fuel blends, with or without additives, were compared with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection(DI) diesel engine. The experimental results indicated that the blend of ethanol with diesel fuel significantly reduced the concentrations of smoke, hydrocarbon(HC), and carbon monoxide(CO) in exhaust gas. Using 20% ethanol-diesel fuel blend with the additive of 2% of the total volume, the optimum mixing ratio was achieved, at which the bench diesel engine testing showed a significant decrease in exhaust gas. Bosch smoke number was reduced by 55%, HC emission by 70%, and CO emission by 45%, at 13 kW/1540 r/min. However, ethanol-diesel fuel blends produced a few ppm acetaldehydes and more ethanol in exhaust gas.     

丹东市大气污染状况及治理措施

分析了丹东市环境空气质量20多年的监测资料，确定丹东市大气污染主要特征是煤烟型污染，主要因子是降尘和总悬浮颗粒物，并提出了控制降尘污染的措施。     

油库中油口对环境污染的预防与控制

针对油库中油品泄漏，油口蒸发对环境造成的污染问题，提出了油罐防腐、使用浮顶罐或内浮顶罐并对其选用合适的密封装置、高温季节对油罐适当延长淋水期、采用密闭收发油技术、使用油气回收装置等防止决生污染的措施。     

取缔露天烧烤任重道远：对济南市取缔露天烧烤的调查思考

为进一步改善市区环境质量,推动济南市容貌工程的实施,市政府下发通告要求各类露天烧烤摊点一律取缔。１９９９年４月份以来,各区环保部门联合城建等部门进行了取缔露天烧烤大会战,通过一段时间的奋战取得了显著成绩,然而在实际工作中也存在不少问题,给这项工作带来很大难...