生物活性炭投加量对垃圾渗滤液处理效果的影响

试验对比了不同生物活性炭(biological activated carbon,BAC)投加量对垃圾渗滤液去除COD效果的影响.每升活性污泥中活性炭投加量为0、100、300 g的反应器处理垃圾渗滤液100个周期平均COD去除率分别为12.9%、19.6%、27.7%,表明BAC可以去除部分难降解有机物,并且COD去除率与投加量呈正相关关系.曝气8 h反应器中二氧化碳(CO2)产生量依次为109、193、306 mg,表明生物分解量也与投加量呈正相关关系.分析认为COD去除率与投加量的正相关关系是由于吸附与生物再生的共同作用导致,生物再生是BAC能够生物分解难降解有机物的根本原因.     

投加粉末活性炭的活性污泥法研究进展

本文介绍了投加粉未活性炭的活住污泥法的一般流程和作用机理。该法具有改善出水水质、提高抗冲击负荷能力、加强硝化作用、改善污泥况降性、能较好地脱色、脱臭、消除泡沫等优点。对活性炭的生物再生可能性进行了探讨。简单介绍了有关ＰＡＣＴ法的模型的发展和应用性。     

粒状活性炭厌氧生物再生初探

吸附有苯酚的粒状活性炭间歇厌氧生物再生试验结果表明，厌氧生物再生可以部分恢复活性炭活性。当活性炭苯酚吸附量为６．２４ｍｇ／ｇ时经７ｄ再生，酚值再生率为８１．６％；当活性炭苯酚吸附量为１３７ｍｇ／ｇ时，经１５５ｈ再生，酚值再生率为７４．５％，碘值再生率为５４．１％。     

人工湿地中沸石对铵吸附能力的生物再生研究

利用铵吸附饱和的天然斜发沸石和沙质土壤作为基质,构建了沸石柱和芦苇、菖蒲沸石人工湿地试验系统,采用曝气供氧、自然复氧、植物根系输氧以及培养系统中基质上的硝化菌群的方法,研究了铵吸附饱和的沸石在沸石柱和湿地中的生物再生过程。结果显示,沸石在湿地中再生过程符合指数模拟,在试验周期内沸石在沸石柱中再生可以用指数和线性模拟。沸石在湿地系统和沸石柱中经过1个月的再生,交换容量分别恢复到了原来的60.3%~62.6%和11.8%,3个月后分别恢复到了原来的94.6%~94.8%和38.4%。试验证明,沸石在湿地中再生比在沸石柱中再生效果好,交换容量恢复率高出约50%~63%。根据试验结果,探讨了铵吸附饱和的沸石在人工湿地中的生物再生机理,证明了饱和沸石在湿地中生物再生的可行性。     

阴离子交换树脂生物再生去除硝酸盐氮

阴离子交换树脂可高效去除水体中的硝酸盐,但盐水再生所产生的脱附液处理难度大.生物再生可通过反硝化作用降解吸附于树脂上硝酸盐氮,减少盐的使用,降低处理成本.本文在考察不同碳源(葡萄糖、乙酸钠、乳酸钠、甲醇)对生物再生影响的基础上,利用反硝化细菌对吸附有硝酸盐氮的阴离子交换树脂进行了生物再生研究,考察了微生物浓度和共存Na Cl对生物再生的影响.结果表明,生物再生过程由离子交换脱附过程和反硝化过程构成,整体受反硝化过程限制.微生物浓度的升高可显著降低生物再生所需时间,当微生物接种量高于0.6 g·L-1时,树脂上的硝酸盐可以在10 h内完全降解.再生体系中Na Cl可促进硝酸根的离子交换脱附,造成初始阶段溶液中硝酸盐浓度的快速升高,但生物再生仍受反硝化过程控制.当Na Cl浓度高于20 g·L-1时,反硝化生物活性被抑制,生物再生时间显著增加.而吸附生物再生多批次实验表明,生物再生后的树脂吸附量稳定于30~35 mg·g~(-1).     

Enhanced nitrogen removal reliability and efficiency in integrated constructed wetland microcosms using zeolite

The purpose of this study is to reduce the seasonal fluctuation and enhance the efficiency of nitrogen removal in vertical flow-horizontal subsurface flow (VF-HSF) constructed wetlands. Two sets of VF-HSF constructed wetlands were built, VF1-HSF1 and VF2-HSF2, and a zeolite section was placed in VF2. The results showed that VF2-HSF2 compared to VF1-HSF1 was not only a more reliable nitrogen removal method, but also enhanced the nitrogen removal efficiency by 50%. The average apparent rate of nitrogen removal in VF2-HSF2 reached to 2.52 gN·m^-3·d^-1, which doubled the rate in VF1-HSF1. Plant uptake and organic nitrogen sediment accounted for 12% and 6% of the total nitrogen removal in VF1-HSF1, respectively, and 10% and 4% in VF2-HSF2, respectively. Biologic nitrogen removal was the dominant mechanism, which accounted for 79% and 87% of the total nitrogen removal in VF1-HSF1 and VF2-HSF2, respectively. Ammonia adsorbed by zeolite during the cold seasons was desorbed, and then nitrified in warm seasons, which resulted in a bioregeneration efficiency of 91%. Zeolite in VF was capable of transferring ammonia from cold seasons to warm seasons as well as enhancing nitrification, which was accompanied by high potential denitrification in HSF that reinforced the efficiency and relieved seasonal fluctuation of nitrogen removal in VF-HSF.