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Fereydoon Laal Rohollah Fallah Madvari Davoud Balarak Mahdi Mohammadi Elahe Dortaj Abdolali Khammar 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2018,24(3):431-437
Introduction. Most work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are associated with improper postures and poorly designed workstations. This study is an attempt to examine the prevalence and severity of MSDs as well as anthropometric dimensions among city bus drivers. Methodology. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 male bus drivers. A body discomfort chart was used to evaluate MSDs. Spearman correlation was employed to examine the relationship between body size and the severity of discomfort. Results. Data analysis showed that discomfort reported in the lower back (33.3%), upper back (18.3%) and knee (15%) was severe and there was a direct and significant correlation between the body mass index and the severity of discomfort in the shoulder, arm and hip (p?0.05). However, the results showed that eye sitting height and sitting height had significant inverse relationships with discomfort in the ankle and elbow (p?0.05). Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to address ergonomic risk factors and reduce their associated disorders. The findings of the study can be used in training programs to educate drivers how to decrease the risk associated with work-related MSDs by adopting appropriate behavior strategies. 相似文献
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广州市区公交车站PM_(2.5)与CO暴露水平研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
用便携式颗粒物浓度测定仪(DustTrak Model8520)和CO测定仪(Q-Trak Model8551),于2008年9月至2009年1月对广州市区11个代表性公交车站的PM2.5和CO暴露水平进行了测定。结果表明,公交车站7:00~19:00时间段PM2.5的平均浓度范围为206~348μg/m3,总体均值达288μg/m3,显示公交车站PM2.5污染问题突出;CO平均浓度范围1.5~4.0mg/m3,总体平均2.8mg/m3,有六个站点平均浓度超过了我国环境空气质量标准限值(4.0mg/m3或3.2mg/m3)。大多数站点工作日与非工作日PM2.5与CO水平差异不大,部分站点则受车流量和客流量变化影响呈现差异。同一站点PM2.5日变化特征不如CO明显,一次污染物CO变化受交通高峰影响呈双峰特征,而PM2.5水平影响因素复杂,一般白天较低,夜晚21:00出现峰值。不同站点CO与车流量未见显著相关性,表明车流量并不是决定公交站点CO水平的唯一因素,而扩散条件及公交车排放可能也是重要影响因素;与CO不同,不同站点PM2.5与车流量表现出显著相关(p0.05),可能侧面反映路面扬尘对公交车站PM2.5水平的影响和贡献。 相似文献
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新生产空调客车内挥发性有机物浓度水平和来源分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选取某厂家新生产的、下线时间不超过28d的53座新空调客车,在车辆处于静止状态下采用二次热解析-毛细管气相色谱/质谱联用法测量新空调车内挥发性有机物的分布特征和浓度水平.根据NIST02标准谱图进行匹配检索,结合色谱保留时间定性,共定性检出33种挥发性有机物,包括烷烃(15种、45.4%)、芳香类化合物(9种、27.3%)、醇(4种、12.1%),酮(3种、9.1%)、酯(2种、6.1%),且大多集中在C6~C10的范围内.新车内浓度最高的前5种挥发性有机物分别为癸烷(8.01 mg/m3)、3-甲基己烷(7.10mg/m3)、庚烷(5.10mg/m3)、异庚烷(4.20 ms/m3)和1-甲基,3-乙基苯(3,56 mg/3),总挥发性有机物TV012,52.5mR/m3.烷烃主要来源于空调车内部保温材料如聚氨酯(PU)发泡海绵或者聚乙烯(PE)发泡材料的释放,而车内检出的芳香族化合物主要来自汽车内饰用胶粘剂、密封胶等的释放. 相似文献
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Christer Ahlström Maria Gink Lövgren Mats Nilsson Tania Dukic Willstrand Anna Anund 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(3):377-385
City bus drivers spend hours driving under time pressure, in congested traffic and in a monotonous sitting position. This leads to unhealthy working conditions, especially in terms of physical and psychological stress. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an active steering system can alleviate the musculoskeletal stress involved in manoeuvring a bus. Twenty bus drivers drove a city bus equipped with the Volvo dynamic steering (VDS) support system in real traffic. Steering effort was evaluated with electromyography and with a questionnaire. Compared to baseline, VDS significantly reduced the required muscle activity by on average 15–25% while turning, and up to 68% in the part of the manoeuvre requiring maximum effort. The bus drivers believed that VDS will help reduce neck and shoulder problems, and they expressed a desire to have VDS installed in their own bus. 相似文献
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为研究长三角典型城市公交车细颗粒物排放特征,采用便携式排放测试系统(PEMS),对上海、杭州和苏州三大城市的8辆典型城市公交车开展实际道路细颗粒物排放实验。研究结果表明:长三角典型城市车辆的实际道路平均车速为22.7 km/h,怠速比例为20.4%,加减速比例为54.5%;在稳态行驶工况下,随车速增大,公交车颗粒物质量及数量排放呈逐渐增大趋势;在20 km/h车速范围内,上海国III、国IV和苏州国III公交车颗粒数浓度呈双峰粒径分布,其他公交车均为单峰分布;随比功率的增大,公交车颗粒质量呈逐渐增大的趋势,国IV公交车颗粒数量呈先下降再增大趋势,国III公交车颗粒数量呈上升趋势;公交车颗粒质量综合排放因子为0.8~189 mg/km,颗粒数量综合排放因子为6.2×1012~9.6×1014#/km。 相似文献
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针对传统工业生产过程配料系统精度差、效率低、维修量大、人机界面不友好、成本高等问题,将总线控制技术、分时复用技术和精确称重技术相结合,设计了一套基于Labview的自动混配料控制系统。给出了系统的通讯设计,软件设计及硬件设计。现场应用结果证明,该系统能够自动、快捷、友好、精确可靠的完成配料生产。 相似文献
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天津市公交站人群PM10暴露研究及PAHs健康风险评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2012年9月在天津市城市交通密集区(八里台、海光寺公交车站)采集可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,并对采集的样品进行有机分析.在此基础上,针对公交车站候车的成年人群,应用美国EPA开发的电子数据库IRIS(Integrated Risk Information System),对可吸入颗粒物中的多环芳烃(PAHs)成分进行了健康风险评估.暴露采样的分析结果表明,两车站的PM10暴露浓度均值分别为(279.0±63.7)μg·m-3和(335.0±60.0)μg·m-3,其中的总多环芳烃质量浓度分别为(219.0±98.5)ng·m-3、(171.0±52.7)ng·m-3.多环芳烃致癌健康风险评估结果显示,两站候车人群在候车过程中的致癌风险分别为2.47×10-7、1.75×10-7,低于美国EPA所认可的可接受风险范围(10-6~10-4). 相似文献
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为评估不同交通状态下公交车运行特征和排放水平的差异,现场采集广州市B9、226线路公交车的逐秒GPS数据,以ES-VSP(发动机负荷-机动车比功率)分布表征畅通、轻度拥堵和中度拥堵下的公交车运行特征,结合IVE(international vehicle emission)模型求得公交车平均排放因子并分析其差异.结果表明:①所测公交车的发动机低负荷区中bin11(-1.6 < ES ≤ 3.1,-2.9 kW/t ≤ VSP < 1.2 kW/t)频率范围为50.55%~83.39%,中度拥堵时bin 11频率是畅通时的1.1~1.3倍;② 3种交通状态下公交车的CO、VOC(运行产生的挥发性有机物)、VOCevap(蒸发产生的挥发性有机物)、NOx(氮氧化物)和PM(颗粒物)平均排放因子范围分别为7.63~11.40、0.26~0.46、0.68~1.56、0.32~0.51和0.72×10-2~1.28×10-2 g/km;③同种交通状态下,主干路公交车专用道和BRT车道的公交车的大部分污染物平均排放因子低于次干路混行车道、主干路混行车道,中度拥堵时主干路BRT车道的CO、VOC、VOCevap、NOx和PM平均排放因子相对其他道路最低,分别为7.66、0.27、0.87、0.32和0.75×10-2 g/km;④次干路混行车道、主干路混行车道的公交车污染物平均排放因子随交通状态愈加拥堵而增大,但畅通时主干路BRT车道的公交车行驶速度、加速度较高,导致CO平均排放因子较高,对应3种交通状态其比例为1.0:0.9:0.8.研究显示,交通状态对公交车运行和排放具有显著影响. 相似文献
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