可发性聚苯乙烯废水处理工程的设计与运行

介绍了采用中和混凝 水解酸化 生物接触氧化 化学除磷工艺对可发性聚苯乙烯 (EPS)废水的处理工艺。在废水中的CODCr、TP、SS、NH3 N分别为 194 0mg L、112mg L、5 92mg L、2 3 6mg L的条件下 ,废水经过处理后 ,出水CODCr、TP、SS、NH3 N分别为 70mg L、0 38mg L、2 6mg L、0 32mg L ,均可达到《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准 ,废水中CODCr、TP、SS、NH3 N的平均去除率分别为 96 4 %、99 3%、95 6 %、98 6 %。     

可发性聚苯乙烯仓库消防安全评价研究

对火灾因素多样,且相互间又具有不确定性和模糊性的仓库火灾危险性分析,可应用层次分析法和模糊评价法相结合而形成的一种评价模式。该模式主要通过运用模糊层次综合评价法并结合层次分析法确定各指标的权重分配,对企业安全状况进行评价,经过专家咨询,将各因素层次化,最终得出模糊评价结果。笔者将该模式应用于实例,对可发性聚苯乙烯仓库进行消防安全研究,实例验证了该模式的可行性,并得知该仓库当前的消防安全程度为"临界的",应当采取适当的消防控制措施。通过理论分析和案例应用,证明该方法既能够充分体现评价因素和评价过程的模糊性,又尽量减少个人主观臆断所带来的弊端,更符合客观实际,其评价结果更可信,可靠。     

纳米ZnO/PS薄膜的制备及光降解性能

利用纳米ZnO与聚苯乙烯(PS)高速共混法制备了一种在紫外光下具有自降解性能的复合薄膜.分析表明,经过KH570处理的纳米ZnO与PS通过化学键的方式桥联在一起.TG分析表明,复合薄膜的耐热性较PS有所提高；SEM图像显示0.5 wt％ ZnO在PS薄膜表面分布均匀,经过UV照射后薄膜表面出现光腐蚀现象.复合薄膜紫外光自降解实验表明:0.5 wt％ ZnO/PS薄膜在15W的紫外灯照射下,15d的自降解率为3.715％.     

聚苯乙烯微塑料对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成和结构变化的影响

微塑料在水环境中的污染情况日益严重,对水生生物的生长发育造成严重影响,而目前有关微塑料对生物膜形成影响机制的研究十分有限.为探究聚苯乙烯微塑料（PS-MPs）对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜形成发育的影响,选用不同浓度和粒径PS-MPs进行暴露试验,研究其对生物膜内生物量、氧化应激水平、生物膜结构和群体感应系统的影响.结果表明,PS-MPs诱导严重氧化应激反应并抑制生物膜形成和发育,粒径越小,产生的抑制作用越强烈,抑制效果表现为0.1 μm>0.5 μm≈1 μm>5 μm.PS-MPs通过与细胞接触造成严重物理损伤,形成的生物膜厚度显著减小且结构稳定性遭到破坏,膜内细菌通过分泌胞外聚合物来抵御PS-MPs的胁迫作用.PS-MPs进一步通过干扰铜绿假单胞菌群体感应系统,下调关键基因lasI、lasR、rhlI和rhlR的表达水平,抑制信号分子和相关毒力因子的合成与分泌,降低细菌对毒性作用的防御功能,最终影响生物膜形成和结构稳定性.     

膨胀聚苯乙烯热分解动力学分析和寿命预测

针对既有聚苯乙烯泡沫类外墙外保温系统的防火问题,在空气和氮气气氛下对非阻燃和阻燃型膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫进行了热重分析。样品由10℃/min、20℃/min、40℃/min和50℃/min四个升温速率从室温加热至800℃。热分解动力学参数由Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO)等转化率方法和多参数非线性回归方法(multivariate non-linear re-gression method)计算,结果表明六溴环十二烷(HBCD)阻燃剂可一定程度上提高EPS的热稳定性。EPS在空气和氮气气氛下热解可认为是单步反应。非阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫在空气和氮气气氛下的热解过程可由自催化n阶反应机理描述。阻燃EPS在空气气氛下的热解机理为自催化n阶反应,在氮气气氛下则为n阶反应机理。基于动力学参数和反应机理,对聚苯乙烯泡沫在不同温度下的寿命进行了预测。     

Usage of polystyrene disposable food dishes in the lightweight concrete making

The increasing use and subsequent accumulation of polystyrene containers has triggered a substantial environmental problem. This study investigated using varied percentages of solid waste polystyrene disposable food dishes in the production of lightweight concrete samples with 350 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³) of cement and a density of 1,300 kg/m³. The polystyrene disposable dishes were ground into beads of 0–3 millimeters (mm) and 3–6 mm in size. First, the characteristics of Type II Portland cement, polystyrene, and aggregates were examined. The following characteristics of concrete using ASTM International and British Standards Institution standards were tested: slump, compressive strength, ability to resist chloride ion penetration, and resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing cycles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analytical techniques were also used. The slump of samples varied between 40 and 70 mm and was not dependent on either the polystyrene percentage or the size of the polystyrene beads in the concrete samples (p‐value > .05). The compressive strength of the concrete samples after 90 days of curing, and using different percentages of polystyrene, varied between 96 and 113 kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm²). The resistance of the samples to the freezing and thawing cycle and chloride ion penetration were affected unfavorably by the presence of the polystyrene. The SEM technique indicated that concrete samples containing 15% and 25% polystyrene had denser crystals and less void than concrete samples with 40% and 55% polystyrene.     

Synthesis, Characterization, and Hydrolytic Degradation of Copolymers of 2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane with Ethylene and with Styrene

2-Methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDP) was copolymerized with ethylene (E) at a pressure of approximately 1000 psi and a temperature of approximately 70°C with AIBN as the free radical initiator. The copolymers obtained, poly(MDP-co-E), were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, DSC, and GPC. The copolymers contained 2–15 mol% ester units. MDP was also copolymerized with styrene (S) at 120°C with di-t-butyl peroxide as the initiator to prepare the copolymer, poly(MDP-co-S). The number-average molecular weights of both types of copolymers were in the range of 6000 to 11,000, and the weight-average molecular weights were in the range of 9000 to 17,000. The melting temperatures of poly(MDP-co-E) decreased with increasing ester unit content in the copolymer. For the MDP-S copolymers, the glass transition temperatures decreased with increasing ester unit content. Both poly(MDP-co-E) and poly(MDP-co-S) were degraded by methanolysis, and their molecular weights decreased by the expected amounts based on the ester unit content.     

沉淀法回收聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料的工艺研究

研究沉淀法回收聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(EPS)的工艺,利用石油裂解副产物为溶剂回收废旧聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料,以废治废,回收利用。溶剂低毒,对聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料溶解速度快,溶解量大,价廉易得。采用转式间歇投料并附加溶剂挥发分回收装置的工艺,溶剂回收率高,无二次污染,可循环使用。聚苯乙烯塑料(PS)回收率可达99%。     

聚苯乙烯泡沫资源化关键技术研究

介绍了废旧聚苯乙烯（PS）泡沫塑料的回收概况、来源与分类、回收工艺和方法、回收技术瓶颈,重点讨论了熔融造粒法回收和改性废旧聚苯乙烯（Ps）泡沫塑料的工艺与进展,不同造粒回收工艺适合的原料种类,资源化利用的方向等,并对不同回收工艺的聚苯乙烯粒子性能作出了比较。     

A new polystyrene-latex-based and EPS-containing synthetic sludge

Since the living microorganisms in activated sludge continuously change, it is difficult to conduct controlled experiments and achieve reproducible results for evaluating sludge characteristics. Synthetic sludge, as a chemical surrogate to activated sludge, could be used to investigate the sludge physicochemical properties, and it is desirable to prepare synthetic sludge with similar structure and properties to real activated sludge to explore the flocculation and settlement processes in activated sludge systems. In this work, a high-strength synthetic sludge was prepared with functional polystyrene latex particles as the framework and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to modify its surface. The flocculation and settling characteristics of the microspheres and the prepared synthetic sludge were tested. Compared with other three functional polystyrene latex microspheres, the synthetic sludge prepared with EPS-modified polystyrene latex microspheres showed good settling characteristics and a significantly higher strength. They could be used for studying the physicochemical properties of activated sludge.