Investigation of modified horizontal wing cut twisted tapes fitted with rod and spacer at trailing edge on heat transfer properties in Double Glazing V-Trough solar water heaters

An experimental analysis of heat transfer efficiency in double glazing solar water heating system having full-length Horizontal wing cut twisted tapes having twist ratio 3 fitted with rod or spacer of dimensions 125 mm, 250 mm, and 500 mm as length at the trailing edges has been dealt in this work. The experimental results have been compared with a plain tube with similar operating conditions and concluded that variation in the Nusselt number, as well as friction factor, are ±12.56% and ±10.17%, respectively. The result of empirical correlation concludes that Nusselt number is maximal for horizontal wing cut twisted tapes having rod or spacer at its ends while comparing with full-length horizontal wing cut twisted tapes. The friction factor is low for full-length horizontal wing cut twisted tapes than the horizontal wing cut twisted tapes fitted with rod or spacer. The horizontal wing cut twisted tapes fitted with rod has superior performance than twist fitted with spacer.     

The New Zealand experience of varroa invasion highlights research opportunities for Australia

The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is implicated as a major disease factor in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations worldwide. Honey bees are extensively relied upon for pollination services, and in countries such as New Zealand and Australia where honey bees have been introduced specifically for commercial pollinator services, the economic effects of any decline in honey bee numbers are predicted to be profound. V. destructor established in New Zealand in 2000 but as yet, Australia remains Varroa-free. Here we analyze the history of V. destructor invasion and spread in New Zealand and discuss the likely long-term impacts. When the mite was discovered in New Zealand, it was considered too well established for eradication to be feasible. Despite control efforts, V. destructor has since spread throughout the country. Today, assessing the impacts of the arrival of V. destructor in this country is compromised by a paucity of data on pollinator communities as they existed prior to invasion. Australia’s Varroa-free status provides a rare and likely brief window of opportunity for the global bee research community to gain understanding of honey bee-native pollinator community dynamics prior to Varroa invasion.     

Detection of transfluthrin and metofluthrin genotoxicity in the ST cross of the Drosophila Wing Spot Test

In this study, different concentrations of transfluthrin and metofluthrin have been assayed for genotoxicity by using the Wing Spot Test on Drosophila melanogaster. Standard cross was used in the experiment. Third-instar larvae that were trans-heterozygous for the two genetic markers mwh and flr³ were treated at different concentrations (0.0103 mg mL⁻¹, 0.103 mg mL⁻¹ for transfluthrin and 6 μg mL⁻¹, 60 μg mL⁻¹ for metofluthrin) of the test compounds. Feeding ended with pupation of the surviving larvae and the genetic changes induced in somatic cells of the wing’s imaginal discs lead to the formation of mutant clones on the wing blade. Results indicated that two experimental concentrations of transfluthrin and 60 μg mL⁻¹ metofluthrin showed mutagenic and recombinogenic effects in both the marker-heterozygous (MH) flies and the balancer-heterozygous (BH) flies.     

某型飞机外翼5—8肋损伤原因分析及修复探讨

目的 分析某型飞机外翼5—8肋油箱区结构不同程度损伤的原因,制定修复方案。方法采用受载分析、有限元仿真计算、静力试验数据分析等强度计算方法分析损伤产生的原因,采用扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜对磨痕形貌进行观测等失效分析,对损伤结构件开展失效模式分析,根据损伤原因及失效模式制定科学简便的修复方案,同时对损伤长桁采取的修补措施进行强度校核。结果 通过对外翼油箱充压破坏理论分析、有限元仿真计算、静力试验数据反推,并结合飞机实际损伤情况,得出油箱破坏理论分析危险薄弱部位与真实破坏情况一致的结论。有限元仿真计算最危险结构部位与实际结构首先发生破坏部位吻合,可作为深入制定修复方案及推测实际加载压力的依据。通过静力试验数据反推、结构实际损伤及有限元仿真计算结论得出,外翼5—8肋结构出现损伤时油箱施加压力约0.5 MPa,针对损伤制定了更换外翼油箱内部第5—8肋损伤结构和贴补加强损伤长桁的修理方案,经结构强度校核,满足设计要求。结论 分析认为外翼5—8肋油箱区结构损伤原因为油箱压力超过设计值导致结构过载断裂,采用贴补加强修理损伤长桁和更换第5—8肋损伤结构的修复方案能够满足强度设计要求,可指导同类飞机类似结构损伤故障的原因分析和修理,提醒同类飞机维修人员在飞机维护时应关注外翼油箱压力超压问题。     

前伏不同角度富水溶洞下节理隧道最小防突层厚度研究*

为研究前伏不同角度富水溶洞下节理隧道最小防突层厚度,基于断裂力学和弹性力学理论,分析节理裂隙在开挖扰动和岩溶水压共同作用下的扩展起裂机理,建立隧道围岩节理翼裂纹扩展模型,将防突层厚度分为扰动带厚度和节理带厚度,提出含节理隧道掌子面最小防突层厚度计算方法;根据算例分析不同方位溶洞下节理长度、节理倾角、掌子面开挖大小等参数对最小防突层厚度的影响规律。结果表明:掌子面最小防突层厚度随溶洞方位角增大先增大后减小,在方位角为30°时出现峰值;防突层厚度受节理几何特征影响明显,防突层厚度随节理长度增大而增大,防突层厚度随节理倾角增大先增大,在达到峰值厚度后开始减小;溶洞方位角超过25°时,开挖半径对最小防突层厚度影响显著。该结论对岩溶地区的节理隧道开挖安全施工具有参考意义。     

硬机翼喷气运输飞机污染问题分析

针对硬机翼飞机因污染发生事故率较高的事实,通过对多起硬机翼喷气飞机起飞阶段由于污染而失速坠毁事故的分析,研究现代硬机翼喷气飞机失速特性、对污染的敏感程度和敏感原因,进一步讨论各种防范机翼污染引起失速的措施。最后针对硬机翼飞机对污染敏感的特点,建议适航部门提高新型硬机翼飞机适航标准,硬机翼飞机运营人采取措施严格杜绝飞机带污染起飞。     

Wind farm and fauna interaction: detecting bird and bat wing beats through cyclic motion analysis

Recent Government announcements have implied that wind power will play a major part in providing energy for the UK (BBC 2007 BBC. 2007. Wind ‘could power all UK homes’ [online], British Broadcasting Corporation. Available from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7135930.stm [Accessed 20 January 2008] [Google Scholar]). However, there is much concern that wind farms can have a significant impact on flying fauna (bats and birds) using the area, particularly at night. As part of an Environmental Impact Assessment, thorough appropriate surveys are necessary for quantifying and minimising any risk wind farms may cause flying fauna. Manual surveys that are commonly used are not always cost‐effective, efficient or practical. Remote systems based on motion detection are increasingly being used to monitor wildlife.

Fast‐moving airborne targets such as aeroplanes can falsely trigger motion‐detection based remote systems. As birds and bats repetitively flap their wings, this oscillating motion can be used to distinguish them from other airborne targets. Time periods between wing oscillations are not always constant, and hence the motion is not periodic. A method to detect cyclic motion based on similarity matrices is proposed, and synthetic and real data are used.     

某系列飞机中央翼第三墙外置机匣接耳应力腐蚀裂纹的成因与预防

目的分析某系列飞机中央翼第三墙外置机匣接耳应力腐蚀裂纹的成因,并进行有针对性的预防。方法对发生裂纹的接耳进行端口检测,并对应力腐蚀条件和腐蚀环境进行分析。结果7B04铝合金在Cl-、超过应力腐蚀门槛值的应力和锻件夹杂的共同作用下,在表面氧化膜破裂的酸性环境下发生应力腐蚀。结论应当改进飞机修理过程中的工艺方法,并对接耳设计进行适当的修改。     

大展弦比机翼几何非线性颤振风洞试验研究

目的研究大展弦比机翼在飞行过程中,由于大变形造成几何非线性效应带来的几何非线性颤振问题。方法针对几何非线性颤振问题,设计相应的风洞试验模型,并完成不同变形下的颤振风洞试验,对机翼不同变形下的试验结果进行比较,摸清其几何非线性颤振特性。结果在几何非线性的影响下,机翼的颤振速度随着变形的增大而下降,并且发散模态及颤振频率都发生改变,大变形下的颤振速压下降到小变形时的71.7%。结论在研究大柔性、大展弦比机翼的气动弹性特性时,必须考虑几何非线性效应的影响,否则其颤振特性结论会存在较大的误差。     

有限元截面法在外翼壁板内力计算中的应用

飞机机体结构的内力计算是其结构强度分析的重要技术手段之一。外翼壁板直接承受空气动力载荷并把它传递到机翼纵向和横向构件上。探讨有限元截面法在外翼壁板内力计算中的应用,从理论分析以及实际操作的角度,为壁板强度计算流程化设计提供一种工程化分析手段。