污泥干化过程中苯系物(BTEX)的释放及其致癌风险评价

在模拟污泥干化的条件下,研究了4种类型污水污泥苯系物(BTEX)的释放特征及其影响因素.结果表明,在50-300℃的干化温度范围内,4种污泥的BTEX释放总置在4.20～161.90μg·m-3之间;在温度高于150℃之后,各类污泥中的BTEX释放量大幅增加;而低于150℃的情况下,污泥中BTEX的释放量仅占总BTEX释放量的5.09%.不同温度下污泥的BTEX释放量与其在污泥中的含量之间存在显著的线性关系.不同类型的污泥其所释放的BTEX组分之间具有较大的差别,污泥中BTEX的含量决定其所释放的数量,而其释放强度则取决于干化温度.对污泥释放BTEX进行健康风险评价表明,各类污泥在150～300℃下所释放的苯对暴露人员存在一定的致癌风险,其中女性相对于男性致癌风险更高.控制污泥干化温度可以最大限度地减少BTEX释放,进而降低致癌风险.     

气相色谱法测定建材市场空气中的苯、甲苯和二甲苯

采用活性炭吸附—CS2解析毛细管气相色谱法,对建材市场空气中的苯、甲苯、二甲苯进行了测定。采用活性炭管采集样品,经CS2解析,FID做检测器,考察了苯、甲苯、二甲苯的线性关系。经实验测得解吸率在90%以上,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的加标回收率在96.6%~102.1%,线性方程的相对系数在0.999以上。该方法采样装置体积小、噪音低、操作简便,适用于同时进行苯、甲苯、二甲苯的快速测定。     

基于不确定性分析的健康环境风险评价

基于对水源地石油污染等现场调查数据为基础,选取典型污染物苯,利用可传递参数差异的蒙特卡罗技术方法,分析了乙烯厂不同分区苯污染经过呼吸和饮水暴露途径造成人体健康风险的不确定性,量化不确定性因素影响的A地区人体健康风险水平.结果表明,裂解装置区是苯污染影响人体健康风险水平的主要来源,产生的健康风险水平均值为1.17×10^-4,而其他3个分区的影响较小;所有分区苯污染对A地区产生的人体健康总风险均值为1.18×10^-4,大于美国环保局人体健康风险建议值10^-6,对人体健康已产生影响;受不确定性因素影响,根据不同的人体健康可以承受的风险水平限值,污染对人体健康产生影响的概率存在差异.因此量化不确定性对风险水平的影响,可为污染场地的风险管理和修复行动提供科学依据.     

AF反应器对芳香族化合物反硝化降解特性研究

以苯、联苯和萘为模型化合物,研究了厌氧滤池（AF）反应器在反硝化及连续运行条件下对含这几种芳香族化合物模拟废水的处理效果,并以葡萄糖为补充碳源,考察了不同C/N对有机物反硝化降解特性的影响.结果表明,在长期连续流运行及反硝化条件下,AF反应器对废水中几种典型芳香族化合物具有良好地去除效果,当进水COD浓度约为1?000mg/L,苯、联苯和萘总浓度为60mg/L时,出水COD去除率可达到90％,芳香族化合物的去除率可达到84％.苯比萘和联苯更易于反硝化降解.C/N在5～30范围内,苯的降解率均达到90%,C/N对苯的降解没有明显影响;COD、萘和联苯去除率受C/N影响较大,C/N为15时,COD、萘和联苯去除率最大,分别为90%、78%和82%.     

Indoor and outdoor BTX levels in Barcelona City metropolitan area and Catalan rural areas

Five aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and three isomeric xylenes) were monitored in indoor and outdoor air of 7 public buildings and 54 private homes, located in Barcelona City metropolitan area and in several rural areas of Catalonia. The sampling was carried out over four periods: spring-summer and winter of 2000, and summer and winter of 2001. Passive ORSA 5 Dra¨ger samplers were used for benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) adsorption. BTX were extracted with carbon disulphide and analysed using ...     

Modeling the influence of ethanol on the adsorption and desorption of selected BTEX compounds on bentonite and kaolin

The study investigated the effects of ethanol on the adsorption properties of bentonite and kaolin for benzene and toluene removal.     

苯系化合物在硝酸盐还原条件下的生物降解性能

运用驯化的反硝化混合菌群进行了苯系化合物(BTEX)的厌氧降解试验.结果表明,混合菌群能够在反硝化条件下有效降解苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯.BTEX的降解规律符合底物抑制的Monod模型,当初始浓度小于50mg·L^-1时,6种受试基质的厌氧降解速率顺序为:甲苯>乙苯>间二甲苯>邻二甲苯>对二甲苯>苯.整个试验过程中NO₃^-的消耗与苯、甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯及对二甲苯生物降解之间的摩尔比分别为:9.47,9.26,1     

Volatile Organic Compounds from Coal Tar and Soil Vapor Samples at MGP Sites

This study characterized organic compounds found in New York State manufactured gas plant (MGP) coal tar vapors using controlled laboratory experiments from four separate MGP sites. In addition, a limited number of deep (0.3–1.2 m above coal tar) and shallow (1.2–2.4 m above coal tar) soil vapor samples were collected above the in situ coal tar source at three of these sites. A total of 29 compounds were consistently detected in the laboratory-generated coal tar vapors at 50°C, whereas 24 compounds were detected at 10°C. The compounds detected in the field sample results were inconsistent with the compounds found in the laboratory-generated samples. Concentrations of compounds in the shallow soil vapor sample were either non-detectable or substantially lower than those found in deeper samples, suggesting attenuation in the vadose zone. Laboratory-generated data at 50°C compared the (% non-aromatic)/(% aromatic) ratio and indicated that this ratio may provide good discrimination between coal tar vapor and common petroleum distillates.     

锐钛矿-金红石混合晶型TiO2降解气相苯

用溶胶-凝胶法并通过控制煅烧温度合成不同晶相比的混合晶型纳米TiO_2,在紫外光光照下降解气相苯。考察了苯初始质量浓度、紫外灯光照强度和催化剂加入量对苯去除率的影响;探究了光催化降解气相苯的动力学特征。结果表明:450℃煅烧制备的催化剂降解苯效率最高,此催化剂金红石相质量分数为6.30%;在苯初始质量浓度为74.39 mg/m~3、催化剂加入量为7 g、光照强度为2.18 klux的最佳条件下反应84 min,苯去除率达99.73%;光催化降解率与光照强度之间符合0.5级动力学特征;当催化剂加入量为3 g时,单位时间单位质量催化剂降解苯的质量最多;苯的光催化降解反应均符合一级动力学方程。     

催化氧化技术治理苯化工装置和罐区含氮挥发性有机物废气

采用催化氧化技术对某石化企业苯胺、硝基苯等生产装置和罐区的含氮挥发性有机物(NVOCs)废气进行集中处理,建成了一套20 000 Nm~3/h规模的安全高效处理装置。采用自主研发的WSH-2N型蜂窝状Pt-Pd-Ce催化剂,在高效氧化有机物的同时,高选择性地将有机氮转化为N_2。运行结果表明,净化气非甲烷总烃质量浓度低于15 mg/m~3,非甲烷总烃去除率大于99%,NO_x质量浓度低于10 mg/m~3,苯、苯胺、硝基苯、环己烷等特征有机污染物浓度均低于检出限,各项指标优于国内外现有技术。