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随着人民对美好生活需求的日益增长,政府空气污染治理的效率问题日益得到重视。本文从地方政府空气污染治理效率及其影响因素的视角入手,以全国30个省份为研究对象,运用超效率SBM模型测算2003—2015年各省级区域的空气污染治理效率。在此基础上,运用门槛回归模型分析政府空气污染治理效率的影响机制。研究表明:①地区间空气污染治理效率差异性较为显著。中部、西部空气污染治理效率整体呈下降趋势。东部和东北地区空气污染治理效率则上升比较平稳。②政策规划、碳源、污染物排放和环境治理投入表现出双重门槛特征,其中碳源对空气污染治理效率影响显著,而以碳为首的能源消费结构则主要对中部和西部空气污染治理效率产生影响。落后地区政府应注重产业升级,财政上应对碳税等税目进行征收,产业上应鼓励企业创新,并对落后企业进行倒逼升级。 相似文献
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为了解西安城区大气中多氯联苯(Polychlorinated biphenyls,PCBs)的浓度水平、季节变化特征及来源,于2012年夏季、冬季分别对西安市城区大气进行每周1次的主动采样,共获得22对大气样品(气态和颗粒态).结果表明,西安城区大气中∑64PCBs的浓度为76.21~338.77pg·m-3,平均浓度为183.85 pg·m-3,且主要存在于气态样品中.组成上主要以低氯代PCBs为主,其中,三氯和四氯代PCBs占总浓度的59.64%~91.39%.气态样品中,夏季、冬季PCBs的平均浓度分别为201.68、151.11 pg·m-3;颗粒态样品中,冬季PCBs平均浓度是夏季的6.65倍.通过主成分分析法对西安城区大气中PCBs的来源进行解析,发现主成分1的方差贡献率为36.06%,主要为来自我国生产的变压器油源;主成分2的方差贡献率为20.29%,可能来自于油漆的使用. 相似文献
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Jinchunzi Li Guangmin Liu Lili Yin Jianliang Xue Hong Qi Yifan Li 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(4):3163-3171
In this paper, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in biota (reed, grass, mussel, fish, and red-crowned crane) and sediments collected from seven locations in the Zha Long Wetland. PAHs were recovered from the sediments and biota by ultrasonic extraction and then analyzed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The total PAH concentrations were 244–713 ng/g dw in sediments, 82.8–415 ng/g dw in plants and 207–4,780 ng/g dw in animals. The total sediment PAH concentrations were categorized as lower to moderate contamination compared with other regions of China and the world. In the plant samples, the accumulation abilities of reed roots and stems for PAHs were higher than those of grass roots. In addition, the concentration of individual PAHs in mussel muscles was the highest in all of the animal samples, followed by fish, feeding crane fetuses, and wild crane fetuses. Compositional analysis suggests that the PAHs in the sediments from the Zha Long Wetland were derived from incomplete biomass combustion. Risk assessment shows that the levels of PAHs in sediments are mostly lower than the effects range mean value (effects range mean), whereas only naphthalene in all sample sites was higher than the effects range low value. It is worthwhile to note that benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene were detected in crane fetal, which have potential carcinogenicity for organisms from the Zha Long Wetland. 相似文献
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Yongduo Chen Yang Li Anna Zhu Yifan Huang Zhen Liu Keping Yan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(16):9948-9958
The degradation of aqueous Rhodamine B (RhB) was examined using a dual-channel spark switch module designed to regulate the steepness of pulsed high voltage with microsecond rise time. Depending on the energy per pulse, a spark along the water surface (SPWS) or streamer along the water surface (STWS) was formed. STWS was found to have a better degradation effect and energy efficiency toward RhB than SPWS at the same power; however, addition of H2O2 amounts resulted in increased degradation, the effect being more pronounced using SPWS. The initial concentration of RhB also appeared to influence the rate constant of the degradation reaction. Furthermore, TiO2 films doped with Fe, Mn, and Ce were found to enhance the degradation performance of plasma. A possible reaction mechanism of plasma formation along the water surface was concluded by determination of the main inorganic products in the liquid and gas phases. 相似文献
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Chen B Li Y Huang GH Huang Y Li Y 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(4):613-626
A GIS-aided pesticide loss model (PeLM) was developed to simulate pesticide losses through surface runoff and sediment transport in watershed systems. The PeLM could tackle the movement of eroded soil along with surface runoff as well as the pesticide losses in adsorbed and dissolved phases. The contributions of different soil types in the sediment were also examined. The model was applied to the Kintore Creek Watershed of southern Ontario, Canada. The simulation results were verified through observed data, indicating a correlation level of 0.89-0.98. The results also showed that clay particles usually held the largest share of contributions to pesticide losses through soil erosion. This study is significant in the efforts for modeling nonpoint source pollution in watershed systems. It provides useful information and support for the related decisions of watershed management. 相似文献
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Jeffrey R. Brook Leiming Zhang Yifan Li David Johnson 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(30):804
Numerical sensitivity tests and four months of complete model runs have been conducted for the Routine Deposition Model (RDM). The influence of individual model inputs on dry deposition velocity as a function of land-use category (LUC) and pollutant (SO2, O3, SO2−4 and HNO3) were examined over a realistic range of values for solar radiation, stability and wind speed. Spatial and temporal variations in RDM deposition velocity (Vd) during June – September 1996 time period generated using meteorological input from a mesoscale model run at 35 km resolution over north-eastern North America were also examined. Comparison of RDM Vd values to a variety of measurements of dry deposition velocities of SO2, O3, SO2−4 and NHO3 that have been reported in the literature demonstrated that RDM produces realistic results. Over northeastern NA RDM monthly averaged dry deposition velocities for SO2 vary from 0.2 to 3.0 cm s−1 with the highest deposition velocities over water surfaces. For O3, the monthly averaged dry deposition velocities are from 0.05 to 1.0 cm s−1 with the lowest values over water surfaces and the highest over forested areas. For HNO3, the monthly averaged dry deposition velocities have the range of 0.5 to 6 cm s−1, with the highest values for forested areas. For SO2−4, they range from 0.05–1.5 cm s−1, with the lowest values over water and the highest over forest. The monthly averaged dry deposition velocities for SO2 and O3 are higher in the growing season compared to the fall, but this behaviour is not apparent for HNO3 and sulphate. In the daytime, the hourly averaged dry deposition velocities for SO2, O3, SO2−4 and HNO3 are higher than that in the nighttime over most of the vegetated area. The diurnal variation is most evident for surfaces with large values for leaf area index (LAI), such as forests. Based on the results presented in this paper, it is concluded that RDM Vd values can be combined with measured air concentrations over hourly, daily or weekly periods to determine dry deposition amounts and with wet deposition measurements to provide seasonal estimates of total deposition and estimates of the relative importance of dry deposition. 相似文献
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吸力式桶形基础在海洋工程特别是作为海上风力发电机的基础中得到越来越广泛的应用,其沉贯能力是保证桶形基础下沉到预定位置,达到承载力要求的关键。分析了沉贯过程中桶?土界面力学机理的研究现状,讨论了不同土质、模型尺寸、渗透系数等对桶?土界面力学机理的影响,对理论计算、试验和数值模拟等研究方法进行分类总结。发现对于吸力基础在负压沉贯过程中的研究多是针对沉贯阻力和临界吸力的计算,很少对沉贯过程中桶?土界面力学机理进行细观研究,尤其是对桶?土界面力学特性的影响因素进行定量分析少有论述。指出了在研究吸力基础沉贯特性和桶?土相互作用机理的理论分析、模型试验及数值模拟中的本构模型等方面存在的问题。最后,对吸力基础沉贯过程中桶?土相互作用机理的进一步研究进行了展望。 相似文献