稠联污水生化处理技术研究

河南油田在可行性研究的基础上，开展了生化技术处理稠油联合站污水的现场实验研究。结果表明，采用生化技术处理后的外排水主要监测指标COD为70～100mg／L，油含量为4～6mg／L，悬浮物35～45mg／L，其它指标达到了有关排放标准。     

稠油污水处理系统改造与絮凝剂筛选试验研究

河南油田井楼稠油联合站含油污水中的污油和悬浮物含量较高,超过150mg/L。为此,对该处理系统进行了改造,并对絮凝剂的筛选进行了试验。结果表明:无机絮凝剂与有机絮凝剂联合作用,可对污水中所含有的污油和有机物杂质的悬浮物产生很好的絮凝沉降效果。加药浓度、加药顺序及沉降时间均对絮凝沉降效果有一定的影响。改造后的污水处理系统实现了污水达标回注,降低了无效回注费用。同时还回收了污油,降低了药剂成本,产生了十分明显的经济效益,每年节约成本约500万元。     

Carbon dioxide emissions from cities in China based on high resolution emission gridded data

Based on the China high resolution emission gridded data (1 km spatial resolution), this article is aimed to create a Chinese city carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission data set using consolidated data sources as well as normalized and standardized data processing methods. Standard methods were used to calculate city CO₂ emissions, including scope 1 and scope 2. Cities with higher CO₂ emissions are mostly in north, northeast, and eastern coastal areas. Cities with lower CO₂ emissions are in the western region. Cites with higher CO₂ emissions are clustered in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region (such as Beijing, Tianjin, and Tangshan), and the Yangtze River Delta region (such as Shanghai and Suzhou). The city per capita CO₂ emission is larger in the north than the south. There are obvious aggregations of cities with high per capita CO₂ emission in the north. Four cities among the top 10 per capita emissions (Erdos, Wuhai, Shizuishan, and Yinchuan) cluster in the main coal production areas of northern China. This indicates the significant impact of coal resources endowment on city industry and CO₂ emissions. The majority (77%) of cities have annual CO₂ emissions below 50 million tons. The mean annual emission, among all cities, is 37 million tons. Emissions from service-based cities, which include the smallest number of cities, are the highest. Industrial cities are the largest category and the emission distribution from these cities is close to the normal distribution. Emissions and degree of dispersion, in the other cities (excluding industrial cities and service-based cities), are in the lowest level. Per capita CO₂ emissions in these cities are generally below 20 t/person (89%) with a mean value of 11 t/person. The distribution interval of per capita CO₂ emission within industrial cities is the largest among the three city categories. This indicates greater differences among per capita CO₂ emissions of industrial cities. The distribution interval of per capita CO₂ emission of other cities is the lowest, indicating smaller differences of per capita CO₂ emissions among this city category. Three policy suggestions are proposed: first, city CO₂ emission inventory data in China should be increased, especially for prefecture level cities. Second, city responsibility for emission reduction, and partitioning the national goal should be established, using a bottom-up approach based on specific CO₂ emission levels and potential for emission reductions in each city. Third, comparative and benchmarking research on city CO₂ emissions should be conducted, and a Top Runner system of city CO₂ emission reduction should be established.     

Assimilative capacity approach for air pollution control in automotive engines through magnetic field-assisted combustion of hydrocarbons

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Deterioration of air quality through the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels has been one of the global transboundary problems put before the research...     

喀斯特常绿与落叶阔叶混交林过去50年来的碳循环模拟

通过对Forest-DNDC模型的植被和土壤参数本地化校准,以气象插值数据为输入,模拟了贵州省普定县高原型喀斯特次生常绿与落叶阔叶混交林1965~2014年的土壤、植被和生态系统碳循环特征。结果表明,与冷模拟和实测值相比,参数本地化校准后的模型能更准确地模拟春、秋、冬3个季节的土壤呼吸动态,而模拟的夏季土壤呼吸偏小;但统计检验指出,参数修订后的Forest-DNDC模型能够较好地模拟喀斯特森林土壤呼吸,降低了模拟误差,可用于喀斯特常绿与落叶阔叶混交林碳动态的模拟。进一步分析发现,1965~2014年喀斯特森林的碳通量除模拟早期的前3~4年急剧增加之外,随后总初级生产力(GPP)保持相对稳定,植物呼吸(Rplant)和生态系统呼吸(R_(ecosystem))随着森林发育而增加,土壤呼吸(R_(soil))减少,植被净初级生产力(NPP)呈迅速减小趋势;净生态系统碳交换量(NEE)亦较迅速下降,在2013年达到最低值-0.17 t C/ha,喀斯特森林由碳汇变为弱碳源。相关分析表明,年均温度和年降水对喀斯特常绿与落叶阔叶混交林的GPP和R_(soil)没有显著影响,但却显著影响NPP、R_(plant)、R_(ecosystem)和NEE。     

产油微藻培养与回收的关键技术研究进展

寻找廉价而高效的替代原料是实现生物柴油产业化的关键所在.微藻以含油量高、生长周期短、环境适应能力强、生物产量高等优点,有望成为一种极具潜力的生物柴油生产原料.然而,目前尚存在微藻培养低效成本高和微藻回收效率低两大难题.综述了微藻培养与回收过程中的关键技术,并对存在的两大难题及其改进技术进行了详细的探讨.最后,总结并展望了微藻培养、回收技术未来的发展趋势.     

国外厌氧颗粒污泥培养研究简介

本文荟萃了荷兰、美国、德国、法国许多学者对厌氧颗粒污泥培养的研究，强调了颗粒化的机理仍是一个较为复杂而尚存在许多未知数的领域，并介绍了颗粒污泥的贮存。     

凋落物对落叶松林雪盖下土壤真菌多样性的影响

为探究冬季雪盖下影响土壤微生物活性“碳亏缺”假说的全球一致性,在大兴安岭寒温带落叶松林采用人工堆雪的方法设置50 cm厚的有效雪被,并在雪被下布设不同质量的落叶松针叶作为凋落物,依据凋落物的质量分别设置自然对照组、凋落物去除组、凋落物加倍组和凋落物多倍组,用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对土壤真菌ITS基因ITS1区进行测序,分析真菌群落组成结构和多样性,并结合土壤化学特征探究其相关性. 结果表明:雪盖下添加不同质量凋落物的土壤化学指标间存在显著性差异. 添加凋落物降低了土壤pH,增加了土壤有机碳(OC)、总氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK)含量. 其中凋落物多倍组中的OC、TN、AN、AP和AK含量均显著高于其他3组,但其pH却显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);凋落物去除组的微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量显著高于其他3组,但其TN、AN、AP和AK含量均显著低于其他3组(P<0.05). 土壤真菌测序共获得1089个可操作分类单元(OTUs),各组共有的OTUs数量为390个,特有OTUs的数量随凋落物量的增加呈递减趋势. 各组共检测到真菌11门42纲97目193科352属534种,其中伞菌纲(Agaricomycetes)的红菇属(Russula)为优势菌群. 各处理间Alpha多样性指数无显著性差异;Beta多样性和冗余分析结果表明,真菌被分为3组,其中优势菌群的相对丰度与OC、TN和AN含量均呈显著相关. 研究显示,凋落物的输入对寒温带落叶松林雪盖下土壤真菌的生物量和Alpha多样性没有显著改变,碳元素和氮元素可能是影响冬季土壤微生物活性的限制性因子.      

氨制冷压力容器定期检验相关问题分析

随着大量制冷装置的建成和使用,氦制冷企业安全问题日益突出,定期检验作为保证在役氦制冷压力容器安全使用的一个重要环节,目前仍存检验依据不清、检验项目不明、检验针对性不足等问题。文中对氦制冷压力容器定期检验现状进行了介绍,对氨制冷压力容器损伤机理进行了分析和讨论,从损伤模式判别的角度提出了相应的检验策略,给相关人S提供一些参考和借鉴。     

极限变形程度下纯铝反挤压变形力的研究

针对具体工件对根限变形程度下纯铝反挤压的变形力进行研究,分析了各种计算方法的适用范围,并与工艺试验的实测值进行了比较.