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Mehdi Sheikh Goodarzi Yousef Sakieh Shabnam Navardi 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2017,19(3):1103-1126
Being located in an urban-coastal coupled system, the Hashtpar City is one of the most attractive areas for urban construction, tourism, agricultural activities and environmental protection in northern Iran. To resolve the issues between land developers and environmental conservation agencies, we conducted a scenario-based urban growth allocation procedure through the SLEUTH model. The scenarios consisted of ‘business as usual’, ‘managed urban growth’ and ‘environmentally sound growth’ that were introduced by modification of model parameters and exclusion layer. The resultant urban growth arrangements were compared for composition and configuration attributes of landscape patterns. According to the results, the pattern of urbanized lands under managed urban growth option demonstrated better connectivity and compactness of urban patches, while the two other scenarios generated a highly fragmented pattern. The managed urban growth can be considered as a compromised solution between other scenarios since it simultaneously takes into accounts both developers and environment protectors points’ of views. On this basis, a combination of centralized and decentralized urban land use planning is a recommended strategy for our urban-coastal environment to fulfill the purposes of a sustainable development process. The findings of the present article suggest that further expansion of the major urban core in the targeted area should be prohibited since it can lead to an urban patch with considerable physical size and noticeable ecological footprint. 相似文献
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Hossein Reza Darabi Shabnam Mohandessi Yadollah Balavar Mojtaba Mirhosseini Moghaddam Kioumars Aghapoor Farshid Mohsenzadeh Abbas Ali Nourinia 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(4):519-524
Pre-harvest sprouting refers to the precocious germination of the grain in the spike prior to harvest as a result of moist
weather conditions at harvest time. From the agricultural viewpoint, it is necessary to impose an exogenous dormancy to wheat
seeds in order to improve the resistance of seed to pre-harvest sprouting. In this regard, we found that clove bud essential
oil is a strong inhibitor for wheat seed germination. The extract obtained from clove bud by supercritical fluid extraction
using CO2 as solvent minimized the number of extracts to two compounds, eugenol and eugenyl acetate. Eugenol, as the main constituent
of the oil, was responsible for its strong inhibitory activity in wheat seeds. The aqueous solution of clove bud oil was submitted
to germination assay at various concentrations from 50 to 400 mg/L. Complete inhibition of seed germination was recorded when
the concentration was 400 mg/L. Roots and sprouts have similar sensitivity to inhibitory effect. In an empirical study, the
synergistic cooperation of eugenol and eugenyl acetate from clove bud oil in the inhibition of seed germination was found
to be a 1:1 ratio. The clove bud essential oil is widely available and will broaden the horizon of applications for natural
and safe inhibitors in the fields. 相似文献
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Marzieh Hadipour Shabnam Saffarian Mohsen Shafiee Soode Tahmasebi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2014,16(4):747-752
One of the requirements for development of human societies is the establishment of new healthcare centers. A variety of wastes are generated in healthcare centers depending on the type of activities. This study was conducted to identify, measure and manage different types of hospital wastes as a case study in a hospital located in southern Iran. For this purpose, a questionnaire was initially designed and distributed among the relevant experts to survey the current trend of waste management in the hospital in terms of waste collection, storage and disposal. Afterwards, the hospital waste was sampled during two seasons of fall and winter. The samples were weighted for seven consecutive days in the middle of each season. Approximately, 10 % of the total waste bags per day collected round the clock were selected for further analysis. The obtained results indicated that infectious-hazardous and pseudo-household wastes were, respectively, about 3.79 kg/day/bed, 1.36 kg/day/bed and 2.43 kg/day/bed of the total generated waste in the hospital. As the research findings suggest, proper separation of infectious and pseudo-household wastes at the source would be an essential step towards mitigating environmental and health risks and minimizing the cost of the hospital waste management. 相似文献
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Reshma Shabnam Kuder 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(8):739-749
Deltamethrin (DM) is being used as a substitute for organochlorines and organophosphates in pest control because of its low environmental persistence and toxicity. But it has become an environmental contaminant as it has been used widely. In this study, we investigated the effect of DM (technical grade) on the antioxidant system of adult zebrafish. For this, six-month-old fish were exposed to 2, 4 and 6?μg/L of DM for 96?h. The tissues selected were liver and ovary. Our data showed that exposure to DM increases CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase, antioxidant enzymes), LPO (lipid peroxidation, non-enzymatic antioxidant) and GST (glutathione S-transferase, detoxifying enzyme) in liver and ovary. Increased GST could detoxify the toxicant; still there could be enough DM to cause oxidative stress. It appears from our study that zebrafish used compensatory mechanisms in eliminating reactive oxygen species. These data will be useful as oxidative stress is being used as a biomarker for aquatic pollution. 相似文献
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Qureshi S Richards BK Steenhuis TS McBride MB Baveye P Dousset S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,132(1):61-71
Leaching of sludge-borne trace elements has been observed in experimental and field studies. The role of microbial processes in the mobilization of trace elements from wastewater sludge is poorly defined. Our objectives were to determine trace element mobilization from sludge subjected to treatments representing microbial acidification, direct chemical acidification and no acidification, and to determine the readsorption potential of mobilized elements using calcareous sand. Triplicate columns (10-cm diameter) for incubation and leaching of sludge had a top layer of digested dewatered sludge (either untreated, acidified with H2SO4, or limed with CaCO3; all mixed with glass beads to prevent ponding) and a lower glass bead support bed. Glass beads in the sludge layer, support layer or both were replaced by calcareous sand in four treatments used for testing the readsorption potential of mobilized elements. Eight sequential 8-day incubation and leaching cycles were operated, each consisting of 7.6 d of incubation at 28 degrees C followed by 8 h of leaching with synthetic acid rain applied at 0.25 cm/h. Leachates were analyzed for trace elements, nitrate and pH, and sludge layer microbial respiration was measured. The largest trace element, nitrate and S losses occurred in treatments with the greatest pH depression and greatest microbial respiration rates. Cumulative leaching losses from both microbial acidification and direct acidification treatments were > 90% of Zn and 64-80% of Cu and Ni. Preventing acidification with sludge layer lime or sand restricted leaching for all trace elements except Mo. Results suggested that the primary microbial role in the rapid leaching of trace elements was acidification, with results from direct acidification being nearly identical to microbial acidification. Microbial activity in the presence of materials that prevented acidification mobilized far lower concentrations of trace elements, with the exception of Mo. Trace elements mobilized by acidification were readsorbed by calcareous sand when present. 相似文献
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Qureshi S Richards BK McBride MB Baveye P Steenhuis TS 《Journal of environmental quality》2003,32(6):2067-2075
Due to geochemical processes, peat soils often have elevated concentrations of trace elements, which are gradually released following drainage for agriculture. Our objectives were to use incubation temperatures to vary microbial activity in two metalliferous peats (M7 acidic peat and M3 neutral peat) from the Elba, New York region, and to use periodic leaching to assess the extent of trace element release from these soils. Dried soils were mixed with glass beads to maintain aeration, moistened, and incubated at 4, 16, 28, and 37 degrees C in 10-cm-diameter x 8-cm-tall columns. Five incubation-leaching cycles were performed, each consisting of 7.3 d of incubation (28 d for the final cycle) followed by 16 h of leaching with synthetic acid rain at 2.5 mm h(-1). Microbial activity was determined initially and after the final leaching by measuring C mineralization following glucose stimulation. Cumulative respiration results were ranked 28 > 16 > 4 > 37 degrees C, with M7 acidic peat respiration values greater than M3 neutral peat at each temperature. Initial leachate pH levels were between 2 and 4, with acidification less pronounced and shorter-lived for the M3 peat. Leachate S, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NO3-N, and trace elements declined with successive leachings (rebounding slightly in the final M3 leachate), with concentrations typically greater in the M7 leachate. Elemental losses followed the same general ranking (28 > 16 > 4 > 37 degrees C); losses at 28 degrees C were 15 to 22% for As, Cd, Ni, and Zn from the M7 peat; losses from M3 were comparable only for Cu (1%) and Ni (19%). The correlation of respiration with S, DOC, and trace elements losses indicates that microbial processes mediated the release of trace elements in both peat soils. Neutral M3 peat pH levels limited losses of most analytes. 相似文献
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The demand to travel by rail is ever increasing because it benefits both passengers and freight; therefore it is of utmost importance for railway administrators to carry passengers and freight safely to their destinations. Undergoing safety procedures and developing safety systems require awareness of what is causing unsafe conditions. This can be accomplished by learning from the past. This research has been performed to analyze the data from past accidents of the Iranian Railway (RAI) by applying association rules data mining techniques in order to discover and reveal unknown relationships and patterns among the data. By the application of CRISP-DM as the data mining methodology and utilizing Clementine 12.0 as the software tool, the mentioned objectives of this paper were fulfilled. For this research some 6500 accident records were selected from the accidents database from 1996 to 2005. The ultimate relationships and patterns extracted can been utilized to develop regulations and rules. This research considers accident conditions and relationships discovered among the most common accident factors (human error, wagon and track) with other fields of the database in order to prevent them from occurring in the future. 相似文献
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Shabnam Shahida Akbar Ali Muhammad Haleem Khan Muhammad Mufazzal Saeed 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1613-1626
In this work, spectrophotometer was used as a detector for the determination of uranium from water, biological, and ore samples with a flow injection system coupled with solid phase extraction. In order to promote the online preconcentration of uranium, a minicolumn packed with XAD-4 resin impregnated with nalidixic acid was utilized. The system operation was based on U(VI) ion retention at pH 6 in the minicolumn at flow rate of 15.2 mL min?1. The uranium complex was removed from the resin by 0.1 mol dm?3 HCl at flow rate of 3.2 mL min?1 and was mixed with arsenazo III solution (0.05 % solution in 0.1 mol dm?3 HCl, 3.2 mL min?1) and driven to flow through cell of spectrophotometer where its absorbance was measured at 651 nm. The influence of chemical (pH and HCl (as eluent and reagent medium) concentration) and flow (sample and eluent flow rate and preconcentration time) parameters that could affect the performance of the system as well as the possible interferents was investigated. At the optimum conditions for 60 s preconcentration time (15.2 mL of sample volume), the method presented a detection limit of 1.1 μg L?1, a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.8 % at 100 μg L?1, enrichment factor of 30, and a sample throughput of 42 h?1, whereas for 300 s of the preconcentration time (76 mL of sample volume), a detection limit of 0.22 μg L?1, a RSD of 1.32 % at 10 μg L?1, enrichment factor of 150, and a sampling frequency of 11 h?1 were reported. 相似文献
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Ghosh Soumya Al-Sharify Zainab T. Maleka Mathabatha Frank Onyeaka Helen Maleke Maleke Maolloum Alhaji Godoy Liliana Meskini Maryam Rami Mina Rezghi Ahmadi Shabnam Al-Najjar Shahad Z. Al-Sharify Noor T. Ahmed Sura M. Dehghani Mohammad Hadi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(39):58628-58647
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This current study review provides a brief review of a natural bee product known as propolis and its relevance toward combating SARS-CoV viruses.... 相似文献
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