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Comparing Green and Grey Infrastructure Using Life Cycle Cost and Environmental Impact: A Rain Garden Case Study in Cincinnati,OH 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Donald Vineyard Wesley W. Ingwersen Troy R. Hawkins Xiaobo Xue Bayou Demeke William Shuster 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2015,51(5):1342-1360
Green infrastructure (GI) is quickly gaining ground as a less costly, greener alternative to traditional methods of stormwater management. One popular form of GI is the use of rain gardens to capture and treat stormwater. We used life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare environmental impacts of residential rain gardens constructed in the Shepherd's Creek watershed of Cincinnati, Ohio to those from a typical detain and treat system. LCA is an internationally standardized framework for analyzing the potential environmental performance of a product or service by including all stages in its life cycle, including material extraction, manufacturing, use, and disposal. Complementary to the life cycle environmental impact assessment, the life cycle costing approach was adopted to compare the equivalent annual costs of each of these systems. These analyses were supplemented by modeling alternative scenarios to capture the variability in implementing a GI strategy. Our LCA models suggest rain garden costs and impacts are determined by labor requirement; the traditional alternative's impacts are determined largely by the efficiency of wastewater treatment, while costs are determined by the expense of tunnel construction. Gardens were found to be the favorable option, both financially (~42% cost reduction) and environmentally (62‐98% impact reduction). Wastewater utilities may find significant life cycle cost and environmental impact reductions in implementing a rain garden plan. 相似文献
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Rosemary E. Golding Donald J. Colgan Guy Nelmes Tina Reutelshöfer 《Marine Biology》2011,158(6):1259-1269
DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were collected from estuarine snails in the genus
Phallomedusa to examine the effects of estuarine isolation on population structure and gene flow. Three clades were recovered, one corresponding
to Phallomedusa austrina and two others with the morphology of Phallomedusa solida. The haplotype diversity in all three clades indicated recent population expansion. Phallomedusa austrina was restricted to the west of a previous land bridge in the Bass Strait between mainland Australia and Tasmania, and P. solida to its east and to northern Tasmania. Phylogeographic analysis of P. austrina and P. solida shows strong geographic separation of species, but no local genetic structure indicative of regional or estuarine isolation.
The clades of P. solida exhibit substantial genetic divergence and were sympatric across their entire distribution in eastern Tasmania and mainland
Australia. Such a situation, which has not previously been observed in phylogeographic studies of southeast Australia, suggests
that P. solida has had a complex refugial history during periods of environmental challenge. 相似文献
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Donald B. Thompson 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2011,24(2):165-194
The term natural is effective in the marketing of a wide variety of foods. This ambiguous term carries important meaning in Western culture.
To challenge an uncritical understanding of natural with respect to food and to explore the ambiguity of the term, the development of Western ideas of nature is first discussed. Personification and hypostasization of nature are given special emphasis. Leo Marx’s idea of the pastoral
design in literature is then used to explore the meaning of natural as applied to food, emphasizing Marx’s distinction between
a sentimental and a complex pastoral. The latter is applied to natural as a means of collapsing a dichotomy of man and nature to the idea of second nature. From this perspective an understanding of the industrialization of the food system and the importance of local and organic
food are considered. The extent to which processed foods might properly be considered natural is raised and discussed for
several common foods. Although marketing of natural foods might make us think that we consume nature, I suggest that what
is consumed is more appropriately second nature. I suggest that in order to maintain a critical perspective about one’s relationship
to the natural world, everyone should make an attempt to experience the complex pastoral with respect to at least something
that is consumed as food. When nature is understood as second nature in the context of a complex pastoral, the question of
whether a food or ingredient is to be considered natural is replaced by deliberative thought based on our best knowledge and
judgment, and the result will be less constrained by ideology. 相似文献
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A simple approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of red phosphorus(P) was developed.A mechanical ball milling method was applied to reduce the size of red P and to deposit graphene quantum dots onto red P. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of rhodamine B. 相似文献
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Capacity of biochar application to maintain energy crop productivity: soil chemistry, sorghum growth, and runoff water quality effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Schnell RW Vietor DM Provin TL Munster CL Capareda S 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(4):1044-1051
Pyrolysis of crop biomass generates a by-product, biochar, which can be recycled to sustain nutrient and organic C concentrations in biomass production fields. We evaluated effects of biochar rate and application method on soil properties, nutrient balance, biomass production, and water quality. Three replications of eight sorghum [ (L.) Moench] treatments were installed in box lysimeters under greenhouse conditions. Treatments comprised increasing rates (0, 1.5, and 3.0 Mg ha) of topdressed or incorporated biochar supplemented with N fertilizer or N, P, and K fertilizer. Simulated rain was applied at 21 and 34 d after planting, and mass runoff loss of N, P, and K was measured. A mass balance of total N, P, and K was performed after 45 d. Returning 3.0 Mg ha of biochar did not affect sorghum biomass, soil total, or Mehlich-3-extractable nutrients compared to control soil. Yet, biochar contributed to increased concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and mass loss of total phosphorus (TP) in simulated runoff, especially if topdressed. It was estimated that up to 20% of TP in topdressed biochar was lost in surface runoff after two rain events. Poor recovery of nutrients during pyrolysis and excessive runoff loss of nutrients for topdressed biochar, especially K, resulted in negative nutrient balances. Efforts to conserve nutrients during pyrolysis and incorporation of biochar at rates derived from annual biomass yields will be necessary for biochar use in sustainable energy crop production. 相似文献
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Occurrence of glyphosate and acidic herbicides in select urban rivers and streams in Canada, 2007 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1