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Tiziano Gomiero Davide Pettenella Giang Phan Trieu Maurizio G. Paoletti 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2000,2(2):119-142
Vietnam, in the ongoing transition to market economies, has to cope with high rural poverty and a dramatic process of forest loss and environment degradation, particularly in the mountainous regions. The government considers rural poverty as the main cause of environment degradation, associated with slash-and-burn cultivation and to an unclear definition of property rights on forest land. In 1993, the government launched a Forest Land Allocation programme aiming to lease forest lands to individual households and, on this basis, to solve food security problems, halt the increasing environment degradation and preserve the remaining forests.To evaluate the results of this land reform policy, two upland pilot communes have been intensively monitored. The environmental and economic impacts of the forest land reform allocation in the two study areas are presented, after providing a background on the Vietnamese situation of mountain zones. On the basis of these findings, it is discussed as to whether the current forest land allocation process may actually promote local development and natural resources conservation, and under what conditions. Deforestation problems must be tackled also with new macroeconomic policies (e.g. credit programmes to support sustainable agriculture practices) and social policy (e.g. reduction of demographic pressure), together with the reform of the State institutions (e.g. State Forest Enterprises) involved in management of the forest areas. 相似文献
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Michele?ArestaEmail author Angela?Dibenedetto Carlo?Fragale Tiziano?Pastore 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2004,2(1):1-4
Mechanical energy has been used so far for running chemical reactions and for preparing new materials in absence of solvents. Very recently, the technology has been applied to solve environmental problems. In this paper, we describe the application of high-energy milling (HEM) for the remediation of soils contaminated by chlorinated organic compounds such as polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and agrochemicals like atrazine. NaBH4 and LiAlH4 have been successfully used for the total dehydrohalogenation of both classes of compounds, leaving a residue lower than 2 ppmw of the starting compound in the treated soil. LiAlH4 was found to be more active than NaBH4. 相似文献
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Andrew Kelly Julio Lumbreras Rob Maas Tiziano Pignatelli Francisco Ferreira Anna Engleryd 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(1):28-41
The Gothenburg Protocol set national emission ceilings for transboundary air pollutants in 2010. These ceilings were formulated in 1999 using the Regional Air Pollution Information and Simulation (RAINS) model and national forecast data. The 2010 ceiling deadline is approaching as is a revision process which may lead to the setting of emission ceilings for 2020. This paper considers the original 1999 projections of six countries that were used within the RAINS model to inform the setting of their respective Gothenburg Protocol 2010 emission ceilings. These data are then contrast against recent inventory data and contemporary short-term forecasts out to 2010. These recent forecasts indicate that major downward shifts in the trends of pollutant emissions have been achieved, and whilst compliance challenges remain, there is a clear indication of the potential of such international agreements and their associated legislative and policy driven mechanisms. However, in a process governed by a maxim of achieving international environmental objectives at ‘least-cost’, the recent experience offers some valuable lessons. Specifically, in relation to the accuracy of energy projections and assumptions of other relevant variables in the modelling process. This paper considers these lessons and opens a discussion on the role of more adaptable mechanisms for the ongoing management of international agreements with long-term compliance horizons. 相似文献
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Tiziano Tirabassi Alessandro Tiesi Daniela Buske Marco T. Vilhena Davidson M. Moreira 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(13):2221-2227
The moments of the concentration distribution obtained using a recent analytical solution of the steady-state two-dimensional advection–diffusion equation are presented. The solving methodology is the Generalized Integral Laplace Transform Technique, which allows obtaining a reliable solution of the advection–diffusion equation without any restrictive assumption about the eddy diffusivity coefficients and wind speed profiles. The first four moments and value and position of maximum ground level concentration are calculated. The concentration standard deviation is compared against the semi-empirical ones used in operative Gaussian models. 相似文献
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Tiziano Gomiero Maurizio G. Paoletti David Pimentel 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2010,23(5):403-434
Biofuels have lately been indicated as a promising source of cheap and sustainable energy. In this paper we argue that some
important ethical and environmental issues have also to be addressed: (1) the conflict between biofuels production and global
food security, particularly in developing countries, and (2) the limits of the Human Appropriation of ecosystem services and
Net Primary Productivity. We warn that large scale conversion of crops, grasslands, natural and semi-natural ecosystem, (such
as the conversion of grasslands to cellulosic ethanol production, or plantation of sugar cane and palm oil), may have detrimental
social and ecological consequences. Social effects may concern: (1) food security, especially in developing countries, leading
to an increase of the price of staple food, (2) transnational corporations and big landowners establishing larger and larger
landholdings in conflict with indigenous areas and the subsistence of small farmers. Ecological effects may concern: (1) competition
with grazing wild and domesticated animals (e.g., millions of grazing livestock in USA prairies), (2) an excessive appropriation
of Net Primary Production from ecosystems, (3) threatening biodiversity preservation and soil fertility. We claim that is
it well known how ecological and social issues are strictly interwoven and that large scale biofuels production, by putting
high pressure on both fronts, may trigger dangerous feedbacks, also considering the critical fact that 9 billion people are
expected to inhabit the planet by 2050. There is a need to conduct serious and deep analysis on the environmental and social
impact of large scale biofuels production before important energy policies are launched at global level. Biofuels will not
represent an energetic panacea and their role in the overall energy consumption will remain marginal in our present highly
energivorous society, while their effect on food security and environment preservation may have detrimental results. We should
also have the courage to face two key issues: (1) we cannot keep increasing resources consumption at present pace, and have
to change our life style accordingly, and (2) we have to deal with population growth; we cannot expect to have 9–10 billions
people inhabiting the earth by 2050, without this representing a major impact on its support system. 相似文献
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