建立我国生态环境标准体系的初步构想

我国的生态环境标准极其薄弱，建立生态环境标准体系是我国生态环境保护的迫切需要。借鉴我国目前针对污染防治的环境标准体系，提出了我国生态环境标准体系的基本框架，以及生态环境标准制订的原则和重点。     

Is Mutation Accumulation a Threat to the Survival of Endangered Populations?

The accumulation of new deleterious mutations has been predicted to constitute a significant threat to the survival of finite sexually reproducing populations. Three measures of genetic load were made on populations of Drosophila melanogaster maintained at effective population sizes of 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 for 45 or 50 generations and their outbred base population and a new sample from the same wild population. Genetic loads were measured as fitness differentials between inbred and non-inbred lines derived from each population under both benign ( productivity of single pairs) and competitive (competitive index) conditions. No trend of smaller populations exhibiting greater genetic loads than larger ones was observed under either benign or competitive conditions. Further, genetic loads were similar in captive and wild populations. Frequencies of deleterious and lethal alleles on chromosome II were measured by making the chromosome (approximately 40% of the genome) homozygous using a marked balancer stock. Neither deleterious nor lethal allele frequencies exhibited a relationship with population size. The accumulation of detrimental mutations does not appear to pose a significant threat to finite sexual populations with effective sizes of 25 or more over the 100–200 year time frames considered in most wildlife conservation programs.     

生态气象监测评估业务平台的设计与应用

  针对目前生态气象监测轨道业务的特点，结合工作的实际需要，运用C和C++语言建立了生态气象监测评估业务平台。在程序设计中，采用了生成中间交换文件的结构组织，能够对各模块的输出结果进行详尽直观的分析，并提供了等值线色斑图与区域填充等多种图形绘制方式。该系统可处理AVHRR和EOS/MODIS卫星遥感资料，对气象观测报文进行解译、数据分类管理和质量控制，统计计算水体密度指数、湿润指数、植被覆盖指数、土地退化指数、灾害指数和生态质量综合评价指标，以图形、图像的形式输出生态气象监测评估产品，实现了卫星遥感与生态气象地面监测数据的有效组织和智能化管理。将系统应用于湖南省生态质量气象评价，业务化运行的结果表明，该系统具有较好的业务实用性。〖HJ1〗〖HJ〗
〖HT5”H〗     

Transient population dynamics in periodic matrix models: methodology and effects of cyclic permutations

Many biological populations are subject to periodically changing environments such as years with or without fire, or rotation of crop types. The dynamics and management options for such populations are frequently investigated using periodic matrix models. However the analysis is usually limited to long-term results (asymptotic population growth rate and its sensitivity to perturbations of vital rates). In non-periodic matrix models it has been shown that long-term results may be misleading as populations are rarely in their stable structure. We therefore develop methods to analyze transient dynamics of periodic matrix models. In particular, we show how to calculate the effects of perturbations on population size within and at the end of environmental cycles. Using a model of a weed population subject to a crop rotation, we show that different cyclic permutations produce different patterns of sensitivity of population size and different population sizes. By examining how the starting environment interacts with the initial conditions, we explain how different patterns arise. Such understanding is critical to developing effective management and monitoring strategies for populations subject to periodically recurring environments.     

Predicting the economic costs and property value losses attributed to sudden oak death damage in California (2010-2020)

Phytophthora ramorum, cause of sudden oak death, is a quarantined, non-native, invasive forest pathogen resulting in substantial mortality in coastal live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and several other related tree species on the Pacific Coast of the United States. We estimate the discounted cost of oak treatment, removal, and replacement on developed land in California communities using simulations of P. ramorum spread and infection risk over the next decade (2010-2020). An estimated 734 thousand oak trees occur on developed land in communities in the analysis area. The simulations predict an expanding sudden oak death (SOD) infestation that will likely encompass most of northwestern California and warrant treatment, removal, and replacement of more than 10 thousand oak trees with discounted cost of $7.5 million. In addition, we estimate the discounted property losses to single family homes of $135 million. Expanding the land base to include developed land outside as well as inside communities doubles the estimates of the number of oak trees killed and the associated costs and losses. The predicted costs and property value losses are substantial, but many of the damages in urban areas (e.g. potential losses from increased fire and safety risks of the dead trees and the loss of ecosystem service values) are not included.     

江西武夷成矿带铜多金属矿产资源远景评价与展望

华南武夷山地区处于扬子、华夏两大构造单元交接叠加地段,构造变形复杂,中生代岩浆活动强烈,具有十分优越的成矿条件,矿产资源潜力巨大.本文以正在武夷山成矿带开展的矿产远景调查工作和资源评价工作所取得的阶段性成果为基础,分析了武夷山成矿带的成矿地质背景、主要矿床类型及近几年的找矿勘查成果,并对武夷成矿带江西省境内铜多金属矿产资源潜力进行了初步评价,划分了十七个找矿远景区.     

基于层次分析法的城市河流生态修复评估

城市的发展改变了许多河流的自然水文环境，并导致河流生态系统中水质、物理生境和生物完整性下降。评估受损河流水体修复的效果，需要结合物理、化学的参数，以及对生物结构、多样性和过程的影响。构建了包含河流水力、水质、水生生物、河岸带及物理结构5个方面15个指标的城市河流生态修复评估指标体系，运用群组决策的层次分析法(AHP)，确定了各指标的权重，重要性排序前5位依次为：水质污染指数、鱼类IBI、水源补给量、藻类多样性、透明度。并以我国南方城市岐江河整治修复状况为例进行综合评价，结果表明,河流生态系统修复评估结果为可以接受，体现了河流整治工程使河流水质、生态的状况有所改善，但河流生态系统恢复需要较长的周期，修复初期生态系统仍处于受损状态。〖     

接种不同普通活性污泥培养厌氧氨氧化污泥的研究

采用厌氧氨氧化反应器（ASBR）,分别以普通厌氧活性污泥、混合污泥、好氧活性污泥为种泥,通过对氨氮,NO2^--N等指标监测、分析及污泥颜色的观察,研究采用不同普通活性污泥为种泥启动ASBR的可行性及差异。结果表明．ASBR反应器A和B成功启动,C因反应器故障．启动失败。采用厌氧活性污泥为接种污泥（反应器A）,当进水N的容积负荷为kg／（m^3·d）时,氨氮平均去除率为14.4％。P（NO2^--N）：p（NH4^＋-N）变化量为1．24。采用混合污泥为接种污泥（反应器B）．N的容积负荷于前者相同时,氨氮去除率平均29．7％,p（NO2^--N）：p（NH4^＋-N）变化量为1．27。采用混合普通活性污泥作为种泥培养厌氧氨氧化污泥优于单一厌氧普通活性污泥。