配置SCR的柴油货车道路运行NOx排放分析

为了研究重型柴油货车在不同道路运行工况下的NO_x排放特性,以一辆配置选择催化还原(Selective CatalyticReduction,SCR)净化系统的国V排放标准的重型柴油货车为研究对象,开展实际道路运行车载排放测试,通过车载排放测试系统实时采集车辆行驶速度、NO_x排放体积分数与排气温度等数据,分析车速、排气温度、路况等对NO_x排放的影响。结果表明,车速低于40 km/h,NO_x排放随车速增大稍有增加; 40～70 km/h,随车速增大NO_x排放降低;高于70 km/h,随车速增大NO_x排放显著降低。车速与排气温度呈线性正相关,排气温度高于150℃,SCR才能显示出对NO_x的净化效果。市区工况车速低,排温低于150℃,SCR不能有效工作;市郊、高速工况下排温高于150℃,SCR催化效率提高,车速增大,排温升高,NO_x排放降低,因此NO_x排放市郊工况低于市区工况,高速工况低于市郊工况。配置SCR的重型柴油货车NO_x高排放区主要集中在中低车速、加速区间内。     

Benefit–risk assessment of commonly consumed fish species from South China Sea based on methyl mercury and DHA

Even though a growing number of reports indicated favorable health effects with fish consumption, kinds of hazardous substances in fish were detected in fish and to be exceeded advisory limitation. Benefit–risk assessment of commonly consumed fish is urgently needed. We conducted fish consumption survey and fish sampling in the coast of South China Sea to assess benefit–risk effect of commonly consumed fish species. For local residents, weekly methyl mercury (MeHg) exposures from commonly consumed fish species ranged from 0.12 to 2.11 μg/kg bw. Apart from Muraenesox cinereus and Acanthopagrus latus, the rest of 92% (23/25) fish species were at low risk of MeHg exposure. Daily docosahexaenoic acid intakes via consuming specific fish were between 42.18 and 1687.04 mg/day. A total of 72% (18/25) fish species could provide 200 mg/day of DNA for local residents. Benefit–risk assessment assuming intelligence quotient (IQ) score model showed net IQ point gains between 1.53 and 5.65 points with consuming various fish species, indicative of large distinction of health benefit from various fish species. This study suggests commonly consumed fish species from China South Sea could bring much more positive effect than negative effect. Species-specific fish should be considered when providing recommendations of fish consumption. Muraenesox cinereus and Acanthopagrus latus should be minded with risk of MeHg exposure in taking large amounts.

     

黄土丘陵沟壑区饲料油菜种植试验及其产业化前景——以延安治沟造地典型项目区为例

沟道土地整治后,如何实现土地的持续、高效利用成为黄土高原丘陵沟壑区面临的突出问题,其关键在于如何充分发挥农牧交错区的比较优势,因地制宜发展种养结合的农业生产模式。依托延安市宝塔区羊圈沟和顾屯沟实验基地,通过大田试验研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区沟道土地整治后种植饲料油菜的技术要点,并探讨了基于饲料油菜种植构建新型农业生产模式的思路。结果表明：1）延安地区具备种植春季饲料油菜的自然生态适宜性,春播饲料油菜播种量以3.9~5.1 kg/hm²为宜,苗期密度宜控制在22.5万株/hm²左右;2）饲料油菜种植需要一定的田间管理,做到施足底肥,适当追肥,间苗遵循“五去五留”原则,4~5片真叶期定苗并适当追肥浇水;3）根据油菜多功能性,黄土丘陵区可发展饲用、菜用+饲用、菜用+观光+油料等多种产品组合模式,科学推广油菜种植可以促进集“种植+养殖+加工+观光”等于一体的多功能农业发展。