Dissipation,residues, and risk assessment of imidacloprid in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato under field conditions using LC-MS/MS

A shortened version of Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe method (QuEChERS) for determining the dissipation and residue of imidacloprid present in Zizania latifolia and purple sweet potato was established by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The average recoveries of imidacloprid in the two crops ranged from 82.12 to 113.79%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <7.32%. The dissipation dynamics of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia plants and purple sweet potato plants followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 3.2–5.5?days in each of sampling locations. The terminal imidacloprid residues in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato at each of location were <0.005–0.120?mg kg^?1. According to the risk assessment results, both the acute dietary risk quotient and chronic dietary risk quotient values were <1, indicating that imidacloprid is unlikely to pose health risks to humans with normal recommended use. The present study may serve as a valuable reference for the safe and reasonable use of imidacloprid in Z. latifolia and purple sweet potato fields.     

Biosorption properties of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus and determined by polarographic method

Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus using cationic exchange resin technique. The EPS were mainly composed of polysaccharide and low quantities of protein and nucleic acid. Biosorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) of EPS was investigated as a function of pH using differential pulse polarography and the Ruzic model. Results showed that the EPS biosorption capacity determined using either the direct titration curves i?=?f(C _M) or the method proposed by Ruzic (Analytica Chimica Acta 140:99–113, 1982) were coincident. Cu(II) had the highest affinity with EPS followed by Pb(II) and Cd(II). The total number of binding sites for Cu(II) and Cd(II) increased with pH in the range of 4.0–7.0. Similar trend was observed for Pb(II) at pH?4.0–5.0, while precipitates were observed at pH?6.0 and 7.0. The conditional binding constants of these three metals displayed low levels of fluctuation with pH and ranged from 4.02?±?0.02 to 5.54?±?0.05.     

农田包气带土层的脱氮防护探讨

施用氮肥是农业增产的重要手段,广施氮肥易引起包气带土层和地下水中的氮素污染,开展有关包气带土层中的氮素转化、消散以及脱氮防护的相关工作具有重要意义.选择河北山前平原较典型的包气带土层,依托野外试验田区构建的原状渗透土层系统和室内构建的一系列移位原状土柱系统,探索采用向这些土层中施入一定的硝态氮溶液,及配合同步测定土壤的...     

强力霉素废水中特征污染物含量与COD的相关性研究

根据强力霉素废水组成的特殊性,研究了强力霉素废水中特征污染物对甲基苯磺酸、磺基水杨酸、甲醇、乙醇的含量与COD之间的相关性,确定了COD与上述特征污染物含量间的相关关系,并测定了它们在特定条件下的氧化率,真实反映了有机污染状况,为进一步研究废水治理方案、实施污染物目标总量控制、促进企业环境质量管理提供了基础数据。     

Influence of low molecular weight anionic ligands on the sorption of heavy metals by soil constituents: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The sorption of heavy metals by soil constituents reduces the absorption of these pollutants by crops and vegetables, and thus limit food contamination. Low...     

珠三角工业城市污染物入河量空间特征分析

以东莞市第一次全国污染源普查成果为数据基础,调查估算2010年东莞市33个镇街和25个水功能区的COD、氨氮入河量,并应用GIS技术及相关分析法分析污染物入河量空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现：①东莞市各镇街及水功能区的污染物入河量呈明显不均匀分布,人口、GDP是影响污染物入河量空间分布的主要因素。②河网区、非河网区镇街的工业污染物入河量与GDP均呈较好的正相关关系,但非河网区单位污染物入河量GDP产出拟合曲线斜率是河网区的31倍,显示河网区镇街每增长单位污染物入河量所产生的GDP远远小于非河网区,河网区镇街往往付出巨大的污染代价而经济增长却非常有限。     

不同构型富氮生物炭对Pb (II)和Cr (VI)的作用机制

为了明确不同构型富氮生物炭对重金属的作用机理,本研究以玉米秸秆为生物质,通过尿素改性结合高温热解制备了3种不同氮构型的富氮生物炭（以吡咯氮为主的Pr-NBC、吡啶氮为主的Pd-NBC和石墨氮为主的Gp-NBC）,考察其对典型重金属的作用行为.吸附动力学和吸附等温线等实验结果显示：富氮生物炭对Pb （II）和Cr （VI）的吸附均以化学吸附为主,且存在明显的差异;对Pb （II）的吸附容量与溶液离子强度成正比,吸附可能以形成内层络合物为主,对Cr （VI）的作用则包含吸附和还原两个过程;对两种重金属的吸附容量受pH影响较大,静电吸引作用可能是主要驱动力.吸附前后的材料表征显示：富氮生物炭主要通过静电吸引作用、阳离子交换、沉淀作用和阳离子-π键作用吸附Pb （II）,通过静电吸引作用吸附Cr （VI）,同时能将Cr （VI）还原为Cr （III）.不同构型氮与重金属作用机理存在差异,其中,石墨氮主要通过与Pb （II）形成阳离子-π键作用促进吸附,吡咯氮和吡啶氮具有还原性,可将Cr （VI）转化为Cr （III）,实现减毒.因此,在考察自然环境中富氮生物炭对重金属的作用机制时,应当充分考虑氮构型的影响.     

交联壳聚糖冠醚的合成及其对金属离子的吸附性能

本文合成了交联壳聚糖苯并－１５－冠－５醚和交联壳聚糖苯并－１８－冠－６醚,研究了它们对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｐｂ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）,Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）等金属离子的吸附性能和选择性,实验结果表明：无论是在单一金属离子体系还是在二元或三元金属离子体系中,ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＸ和ＣＣＴＳ－ＢＹ对Ａｇ（Ⅰ）和Ｐｄ（Ⅱ）者有较高的吸附选择性。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in benthos of the northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf

Eighteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were detected in benthos collected onboard the ‘Snow Dragon’ in the Northern Bering Sea Shelf and Chukchi Sea Shelf during the 6^th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 2014). Σ₁₈PAHs for all biota samples ranged from 34.2 to 128.1 ng/g dry weight (dw), with the highest concentration observed in fish muscle (Boreogadus saida) samples close to St. Lawrence Island. The PAH composition pattern was dominated by the presence of lighter 3 ring (57%) and 2 ring (28%) PAHs, indicating oil-related or petrogenic sources as important origins of PAH contamination. Concentrations of alkyl-PAHs (1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene) were lower than their parent PAH (naphthalene) in all biological tissue, and their percentage also decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared with those in the corresponding sediment. There were no significant relationships between PAH concentrations and trophic levels, which is possibly due to the combined results of the complex benthic foodweb in the subarctic/Arctic shelf region, as well as a low assimilation/effective metabolism for PAHs. According to toxic potency evaluation results from TCDD toxic equivalents (TEQs) and BaP-equivalent (BaPE) values, whelk (Neptunea heros) and starfish (Ctenodiscus crispatus) are two macroinvertebrate species showing relatively higher dioxin-like toxicity and carcinogenic risk.