Airborne hydrophilic microplastics in cloud water at high altitudes and their role in cloud formation

Microplastic pollution is occurring in most ecosystem, yet their presence in high altitude clouds and their influence on cloud formation and climate change are poorly known. Here we analyzed microplastics in cloud water sampled at the summits of Japan mountains at 1300–3776 m altitude by attenuated total reflection imaging and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We observed nine microplastics including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyamide 6, polycarbonate, ethylene–propylene copolymer or polyethylene–polypropylene alloy, polyurethane, and epoxy resin. Microplastic were fragmented, with mean concentrations ranging from 6.7 to 13.9 pieces per liter, and with Feret diameters ranging from 7.1 to 94.6 μm. Microplastics bearing hydrophilic groups such as carbonyl and/or hydroxyl groups were abundant, suggesting that they might have acted as condensation nuclei of cloud ice and water. Overall, our finding suggest that high-altitude microplastics cloud influence cloud formation and, in turn, might modify the climate.

     

水稻流入施肥法及流入肥料效果研究

进行了流入施肥法可行性，流入肥肥效及替代进口肥料试验。结果表明：流入施肥法与人工撒施，均能使肥料在田间分布均匀，流入施肥法比人工撒施增产3．4％，流入施肥法是可行的，日本流入肥和国产复合肥流入施肥田间3－4d后，在田间分布都较均匀，水稻追施分蘖肥和穗肥时水的温度都在30℃左右，两种肥料的溶解度比较大，易配成溶液，适合作流以施用，日本流入肥和中国复合肥对水稻的增产效果相差不大，可用国产复合肥料替代进口肥料；吸附试验表明，施肥5d后，流入肥料和其它氮素肥料中氮素的吸附率达82．5％－89．3％，流入施肥后5d内不要排水。流入施肥法适合土地平整，田块较大，灌溉条件好，人多地少或农业人口老龄化和血吸虫疫区等平原湖区稻田。