Estimating ‘rhizosphere priming effect’: Comparison of the indirect <Emphasis Type="Italic">y</Emphasis>-intercept regression approach and direct bare plot Approach

Determined the contribution of root derived CO₂ efflux to total CO₂ efflux (including root and non-root derived CO₂ efflux) is import to grope the mechanism of CO₂ efflux, however, becaused of ‘rhizoshere priming effect’ (RPE), it is difficult to achieve in practice. In this study, we attempted to estimate the RPE via comparing basal soil respiration (R_b) achieved by two different methods namely, y-intercept regression and direct bare plot approach in an arid cotton field, central Asia. On the basis of the y-intercept of linear regressions between below-ground respiration (BGR) and root biomass, R_b was indirectly calculated. Comparing with the first approach, the second approach involved direct measurements of soil respiration from bare plots. R_b estimated by y-intercept method contained the component of RPE whereas direct bare plot did not. We found that RPE showed a phenological trend with highest value in flowering stage at 0.145 g CO₂ m^–2 h^–1 and lowest at budding stage (0.007 g CO₂ m^–2 s^–1), even after the data had been corrected for the influence of soil temperature. We concluded that RPE needed to be considered when R_b was estimated by y-intercept approach.     

Evaluation of rural wastewater treatment processes in a county of eastern China

With the rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, wastewater treatment in rural areas has become an increasing national concern. The selection of appropriate treatment processes closely based on the actual local status is crucial for the prevention of water quality deterioration in rural areas of China. This study presents a full year survey on the performances of various rural wastewater treatment processes at a county level in eastern China including seven three-chamber septic tanks (ST), five micro-power biological facilities (MP), seven constructed wetlands (CW), three stabilization ponds (SP) and five centralized activated sludge treatment plants (AS). It was found that although ST could remove a notable portion of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD(Cr)), it was ineffective in reducing nutrients and pathogens. Reliability and stability analyses showed that the centralized AS and decentralized CW processes outperformed the SP and MP processes. There were obvious discrepancies between the mean design concentrations, which ensure that 95% of the effluents meet the discharge standards, and the actual effluent concentrations determined for each process. The expected compliance with the tentatively adopted second-grade discharge standards (GB 18918-2002) was unsatisfactory for most of the water quality parameters examined, indicating an urgent need to design more practical discharge standards for decentralized treatment processes. Based on an overall assessment of reliability, stability and cost-effectiveness, the centralized AS was suitable for densely populated towns while the decentralized CW was suitable for sparsely populated villages.     

Effects of freshwater leaching on potential bioavailability of heavy metals in tidal flat soils

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Leaching experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of desalination levels and sediment depths on potential bioavailability of heavy metal (Cd,...     

紫外线对再生水中斜生栅藻的生长抑制效果

再生水具有就近易得、水量大且稳定等突出优点,已成为景观水体的重要补给水源。但再生水中含有氮、磷等营养物质,景观回用过程中可能会加剧藻类水华爆发风险。在藻类生长的早期阶段,采用紫外线处理有可能将再生水中藻类生物量控制在低风险范围,从而预防再生水景观回用水体中发生水华。以深圳市某污水处理厂二级出水为再生水回用景观水体的典型样品,考察了紫外线（254 nm波段）对典型微藻斜生栅藻的生长抑制效果,采用流式细胞术、调制荧光技术等方法,研究了不同紫外剂量对斜生栅藻的生长抑制效果,以及对藻细胞膜完整性和光合活性的影响。结果表明:对于初始密度约为7×104个/mL的斜生栅藻,50~100 mJ/cm2的紫外线能够取得1~5 d的生长抑制期,150~200 mJ/cm2剂量能将生长抑制期延长至10 d。紫外线能迅速引起斜生栅藻光合活性下降并能逐渐引起部分藻细胞破裂,100~200 mJ/cm2剂量处理后10 d内膜损伤细胞比例达到16%~71%。可见,紫外线能够对再生水中的斜生栅藻取得显著的生长抑制效果,是具有应用前景的景观水体水华风险防控手段。     

羟基锡酸锌阻燃聚氯乙烯电缆材料及其潜在火灾危险性评价

采用氧指数、成炭率、烟密度、垂直燃烧(UL 94)、热重分析、环境扫描电镜和锥形量热的方法测试了羟基锡酸锌(ZHS)对PVC的阻燃抑烟作用。ZHS用量为15%时即可以满足对PVC电缆材料燃烧烟密度的要求,燃烧等级可以达到UL94 V0级。PVC/ZHS电缆材料的热稳定性能、成炭性能和燃烧性能表明,ZHS在PVC电缆材料燃烧时,可以促进PVC交联成炭,生成的炭具有较好的隔氧、隔热及抑制可燃性气体逸出的作用,提高了PVC电缆材料的热稳定性能,有效降低了PVC电缆材料的潜在火灾危险性。     

The nitrate leached below maize root zone is available for deep-rooted wheat in winter wheat-summer maize rotation in the North China Plain

In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-summer maize (Zea mays L.) rotation system in the North China Plain, maize roots do not extend beyond 1.2 m in the vertical soil profile, but wheat roots can reach up to 2.0 m. Increases in soil nitrate content at maize harvest and significant reductions after winter wheat harvest were observed in the 1.4-2.0 m depth under field conditions. The recovery of 15N isotope (calcium nitrate) from various (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0 m) soil depths showed that deep-rooting winter wheat could use soil nitrate up to the 2.0 m depth. This accounted partially, for the reduced nitrate in the 1.4-2.0 m depth of the soil after harvest of wheat in the rotation system.