P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)共聚物的合成及其絮凝性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)、乙酸乙烯酯(VAM)为单体,采用水溶液自由基胶束共聚合法合成了疏水缔合阳离子型共聚物P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM),并对其进行了红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征。实验结果表明:在P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)加入量为14 mg/L、絮凝温度为30~60℃、硅藻土悬浊液pH为8~11时,P(AM-DMDAAC-VAM)对硅藻土悬浊液的絮凝效果最好,上清液透光率高达97.5%。     

成渝城市群臭氧污染特征及影响因素分析

为研究成渝城市群O_3污染特征及其影响因素,对成渝城市群15个城市2015—2016年国控环境监测站点和国家气象台站数据进行了研究.结果表明,研究区域15个城市均存在不同程度的O_3超标现象.2015—2016年成渝城市群O_3污染形势愈发严峻,春末及夏季污染最为严重,且在7月达到O_3浓度峰值(118μg·m~(-3)),O_3污染空间分布呈片状,以资阳为中心的遂宁、眉山、成都等城市为O_3污染较为严重的区域.颗粒物、NO_2及CO均与O_3有显著相关性,其中,颗粒物与O_3浓度在冬季呈负相关,在夏季则表现为正相关.太阳辐射、气温、相对湿度及流场均是影响O_3浓度的重要因子,强辐射、高温及低湿易形成较高浓度的O_3,相对湿度对O_3浓度的影响呈先升后降的关系.     

多频管中电流法防腐层检测评级参数影响研究

多频管中电流法通过计算管道防腐层绝缘电阻来判断管道外防腐层的状态,近年来得到较为广泛的应用.但对于丘陵山地的埋地输油气气管道,其评价结果与实际状态有一定差距.通过研究发现,评价结果与实际状态不符的主要原因是:管道分布电容、管道分布电感在GDWFF处理软件中对防腐层评价结果影响较大,尤其是管道分布电感是关键参数.为此,修正了多频管中电流法评价软件给出的管道分布电感推荐值,并采用现场开挖的方式进行验证,说明评价结果更符合山地实际.     

Research progress on distribution,sources, identification,toxicity, and biodegradation of microplastics in the ocean,freshwater, and soil environment

• Microplastics are widely found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. • Cleaning products and discarded plastic waste are primary sources of microplastics. • Microplastics have apparent toxic effects on the growth of fish and soil plants. • Multiple strains of biodegradable microplastics have been isolated. Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in the oceans, freshwater, and soil environment and have become major pollutants. MPs are generally referred to as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter. They consist of primary microplastics synthesized in microscopic size manufactured production and secondary microplastics generated by physical and environmental degradation. Plastic particles are long-lived pollutants that are highly resistant to environmental degradation. In this review, the distribution and possible sources of MPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments are described. Moreover, the adverse effects of MPs on natural creatures due to ingestion have been discussed. We also have summarized identification methods based on MPs particle size and chemical bond. To control the pollution of MPs, the biodegradation of MPs under the action of different microbes has also been reviewed in this work. This review will contribute to a better understanding of MPs pollution in the environment, as well as their identification, toxicity, and biodegradation in the ocean, freshwater, and soil, and the assessment and control of microplastics exposure.     

一株多环芳烃降解菌的筛选及其降解特性

微生物修复是治理土壤多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)污染的主要方法,而高效降解菌筛选是微生物修复技术的重要基础。从北京焦化厂土壤中筛选分离得到一株PAHs降解菌Q3,通过生理生化和16S rDNA等分析手段鉴定其为Rhodococcus rhodochrous。结果表明:该菌株对芘的耐受能力较强,可降解初始浓度为200 mg·L~(-1)的芘;该菌株具有降解广谱性,可利用苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、二苯并[a,h]蒽、苯并[g,h,i]苝等9种PAHs为唯一碳源进行代谢,特别是对苯并[a]芘等高环PAHs具有较好的降解效果;此外,该菌株可有效降解模拟液中的混合PAHs,并且对野外被PAHs长期污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复效果。投加菌株处理后的处理组与对照组相比,土壤PAHs总去除率提高了24%。以上结果表明该菌株对环境中被PAHs污染的土壤具有较好的强化修复潜力,可为PAHs污染土壤的微生物修复技术提供技术参考。     

基于EEG的有限空间检修工脑疲劳特性研究

为了探究有限空间内检修工在高温高湿状态下的脑疲劳特征，采用对照与模拟有限空间作业环境相结合的方法，对作业人员脑电波变化进行监测，利用傅里叶变换对原波信号进行时频转换，提取相对频率、重心频率等特征参数。研究结果表明:在高温高湿的有限空间环境中，人体脑波功率变化幅度明显变大；在进入疲劳状态时有限空间环境的脑波功率低于对照组；高频的β波在高温高湿环境中减少的比例较大，平均下降7.1%；脑波重心频率由8 Hz降为6 Hz，平均下降11.3%，由α波变为θ波，大脑活动进入疲劳状态。说明有限空间的高温高湿环境对人体脑疲劳具有明显影响，可用于脑电智能穿戴监测设备监测工人脑疲劳状况。     

城市污水再生回用于景观水体水质安全保障技术

研究了再生水回用于景观水体时可能存在的水质安全性问题,并提出了保障再生水安全回用的处理工艺。研究表明,城市污水再生水回用于景观水体时,存在着卫生学安全、毒理学安全、富营养化以及底质二次污染等危害。为了满足景观水体的水质标准,需要重点控制的水质指标有病原性微生物、有毒有害有机物、重金属、氮磷植物性营养物质、悬浮固体。以城市污水厂二级出水作为再生水原水时,推荐采用的工艺有:二级处理混凝沉淀过滤消毒、二级处理过滤活性炭吸附消毒以及二级处理膜处理消毒工艺。     

城市污水处理厂Candidatus Accumulibacter的菌群结构及定量分析

Candidatus Accumulibacter是污水生物除磷系统中的优势聚磷菌.本研究采用编码聚合磷酸盐激酶的功能基因(polyphosphate kinase 1gene,ppk1)作为遗传标记,对9个污水处理厂共12个活性污泥样品中Accumulibacter的进化枝水平的丰度及其菌群结构进行了研究.实时定量PCR(Quantitative PCR,QPCR)的结果显示,Accumulibacter的6个进化枝(IA、IIA、IIB、IIC、IID、IIF)均存在于12个污泥样品中.A2O及其改良工艺中总Accumulibacter丰度最高,达到总菌的22.77%.所有样品中Accumulibacter均以Type-II为主,其中,IIC、IID的丰度均达到了108cells·g-1(以MLSS计),占Accumulibacter的平均比例分别为75.34%和14.87%,是污水处理厂中的优势聚磷菌.分支IA丰度最低,占总Accumulibacter比例平均只有0.32%.系统发育分析结果显示,每个样品中Accumulibacter分支多样化,均含有IIA、IIC、IID分支.QPCR和系统发育分析都证实了生物除磷效果与Accumulibacter的群落结构密切相关,除磷效果不好可能和IID占总Accumulibacter比例较高有关.     

Effect of culturing temperatures on cadmium phytotoxicity alleviation by biochar

Biochar produced from rice straw at 400 °C (RS400) was prepared to determine its alleviating effect on Cd phytotoxicity to wheat seedlings under different cultivation temperatures and pH. A hydroponic system (pH 4.3) and a loam soil slurry system were designed to respectively simulate acidic and neutral soil condition, and cultivation at increasing temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) were performed to evaluate the greenhouse effect. The root and shoot elongation and the Cd concentration in root and solution were measured; furthermore, batch experiments for Cd adsorption were undertaken. An increasing inhibition of the root by Cd addition was observed at increasing temperatures. The inhibition rate was 50.50 and 20.80% in hydroponic system and slurry system at 25 °C, respectively; however, the corresponding inhibition rates of root were significantly decreased to 25.5 and 3.5% with addition of RS400. This is mainly attributed to the reduction of Cd migration into the roots by RS400, which decreased Cd bioavailability. The mechanism behind the reduced Cd bioavailability is attributed to the Cd adsorption and the strong buffering capacity of acidity by RS400. Therefore, biochar could be a potential amendment for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil even at increasing culturing temperatures.

     

Urbanization reduces resource use efficiency of phytoplankton community by altering the environment and decreasing biodiversity

Urbanization often exerts multiple effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including changes in biodiversity, species composition and ecosystem functions. However, the impacts of urbanization on river phytoplankton in subtropical urbanizing watersheds remain largely unknown. Here, we explored the effects of urbanization on phytoplankton community structure（i.e., biomass, community composition and diversity） and function（i.e., resource use efficiency） in a subtropical river at watershed sca...