Effects of UV-modified biochar derived from phytoremediation residue on Cd bioavailability and uptake in Coriandrum sativum L. in a Cd-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been applied widely as an amendment in the remediation of contaminated soil to immobilize the heavy metals. However, the role of...     

关于武汉市推行碳普惠制的思考

为了应对气候变化,我国制定了多项关于控制温室气体排放的工作方案.控制温室气体排放对于加快转变经济发展模式、促进经济社会可持续发展、推进新的产业革命具有重要意义.湖北省是全国最大的碳交易市场,武汉市作为国家低碳城市试点城市之一,多年的低碳发展道路经验以及湖北省碳排放权交易工作的积累形成了一系列发展碳普惠制的良好条件和优势...     

Biodegradation of typical azole fungicides in activated sludge under aerobic conditions

Widespread use of azole fungicides and low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have led to the elevated concentration of azole fungicides in receiving environment. However, there was limited research about the removal mechanism of azole fungicides in the biological treatment of WWTPs. Imidazole fungicide climbazole and triazole fungicide fluconazole were selected to investigate the biodegradation mechanism of azole fungicides in activated sludge under aerobic conditions. Climbazole was found to be adsorbed to solid sludge and resulted in quick biodegradation. The degradation of climbazole in the aerobic activated sludge system was fitted well by the first-order kinetic model with a half-life of 5.3 days, while fluconazole tended to stay in liquid and had only about 30% of loss within 77 days incubation. Ten biotransformation products of climbazole were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry using suspect and non-target screening method. But no biodegradation products of fluconazole were identified due to its limited removal. The possible biodegradation pathways for climbazole were proposed based on the products identification and pathway prediction system, and involves oxidative dehalogenation, side chain oxidation and azole ring loss. The findings from this study suggest that it should be a concern for the persistence of fluconazole in the environment.     

超积累植物东南景天热解过程中Cd的迁移转化规律及炭产物安全利用研究

在管式炉对Cd超积累植物东南景天(Sedum alfredii)进行热解,研究热解过程中Cd的迁移和形态转化,并在最佳温度条件下探究制备的东南景天生物炭对Cd的吸附作用。结果表明,随着温度上升,生物炭产率下降,挥发分增加;温度能影响Cd在气、液、固三相中的分布,温度升高能明显促进重金属由固相向气相迁移;生物炭中Cd形态受温度影响,随温度升高,对环境影响较大的水溶态和酸溶态Cd含量呈现出降低趋势,在700℃以上时,大部分Cd是以稳定的可氧化态、可还原态以及残渣态形式存在;800℃热解得到的东南景天生物炭对Cd具有一定的吸附效果,最高吸附量达到28.7mg/g。通过合理控制热解温度能够实现炭产物的稳定化,并可安全利用到重金属污染水体或者农田污染治理中。     

污水处理厂脱水污泥中磷的形态及其溶出规律

运用化学连续提取法(standards-method of measurements and testing,SMT)对北京市3座污水处理厂污泥中的磷进行形态和组成分析,以低温热解、投加酸碱和投加EDTA 3种方式处理污泥,研究磷的溶出规律。结果表明:污泥中的磷主要以无机磷形态存在,占总磷的71.7%～89.3%;非磷灰石是无机磷的主要形态,占50%左右。低温热解时,在50℃条件下,污泥总磷的溶出率最高,达50%以上。酸性或碱性条件下,污泥磷溶出效果优于中性条件,pH为4时,污泥的磷溶出效率最高,在40%左右;碱性条件下,污泥中非磷灰石态无机磷会大量溶出。投加EDTA,磷灰石态无机磷的溶出率大于非磷灰石态无机磷。综合以上结果,根据磷的形态设置合理的条件进行污泥磷溶出,有利于提高溶出效率。     

Preparation and photocatalytic properties of porous C and N co-doped TiO2 deposited on brick by a fast, one-step microwave irradiation method

A one-step microwave irradiation method was used to deposit carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO_2((C, N)-TiO_2) on commercial brick((C, N)-TiO_2/brick). The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible(UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). A selective technique was also used to investigate the concentration of hydroxyl radicals during UV–vis irradiation of the Methyl Orange solution with the as-prepared samples. The C and N dopants enhanced visible light absorption and provided a longer lifetime for the photo-generated electron–hole pairs. The SEM images showed that the as-prepared sample is porous. The dark adsorption and photodegradation test for(C, N)-TiO_2/brick showed good photodegradation and good recyclability. The best photodegradation rate was 94% after 2 hr. The maximum degradation rate was maintained even after the 6th cycle. The good photocatalytic properties are attributed to the enhanced visible light absorption, enhanced pollutant adsorption arising from the porous structure of the(C, N)-TiO_2 thin film, and longer lifetime of the photo-generated electron–hole pairs.(C, N)-TiO_2/brick should have potential commercial applications in photodegradation processes because of its low cost, good photodegradation, and excellent recyclability.     

抗生素、重金属和杀生剂抗性共选择机制

细菌抗生素抗性已被世界卫生组织认定为对公众健康的重要威胁。细菌抗性除了受到抗生素的直接选择压力,也受到其他物质如重金属和杀生剂的共同影响。研究发现,细菌可以通过外排泵系统、细胞膜通透性改变、作用靶标点的改变、酶修饰或降解作用、应激反应改变生理特性、金属螯合和生物转化等抗性机制对这些选择压力产生抗性,或者通过协同抗性、交叉抗性和共调控抗性的机制产生多重抗性。本文综述了细菌对抗生素、重金属和杀生剂的单一抗性机制、多重抗性机制,以及重金属和杀生剂对细菌抗生素抗性的影响机制,并分析了目前研究的不足之处。     

输气管道高后果区蒸气云爆炸超压预测方法探究*

为准确预测输气管道高后果区在发生蒸气云爆炸事故时的超压分布情况,对国内外运用较为广泛的蒸气云爆炸超压预测经验模型和数值模拟方法进行调研,并分别应用其对某输气管道全尺寸泄漏燃爆实验进行超压预测,结合实验数据和输气管道高后果区管理现状进行方法准确性和工程适用性分析。研究结果表明:基于等效TNT假设的Henrych模型、Mills模型和等效TNT当量数值模拟方法均不适合准确预测蒸气云爆炸超压,TNO多能法和混合气体数值模拟方法所预测的结果较为接近实验结果。TNO多能法使用简便且推广性强,但主观性较大,易高估或低估爆炸后果;混合气体数值模拟方法操作繁琐且推广性差,但分析结果精度较高。在对高后果区进行安全管控时,可结合TNO多能法与混合气体数值模拟方法同时对管道工况进行评估,确定TNO多能法的爆源强度等级,继而推广使用TNO多能法。该研究结果可在较大程度上保证评估的准确性并节约成本。     

Bifunctional catalysts for heterogeneous electro-Fenton processes: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Fenton processes allow to degrade and mineralize toxic organic contaminants, yet classical Fenton processes require continuously adding hydrogen peroxide and...