Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

人工生物蓄水过滤系统对雨水的滞留与过滤功效

通过人工构建3个不同沙土配比的生物蓄水过滤系统,对人工系统滞留雨水时间和净化雨水的功效进行了研究。首先,根据自然降雨特点将雨水地表径流按照不同水量与进水时间引入系统,然后测定系统出水水量、时间、水质以及土壤湿度,比较植物层和整个系统滞留雨水径流的效果以及系统过滤雨水的功效。结果表明,(1)人工生物蓄水过滤系统有显著的滞留雨水的作用。其中植物层滞留雨水时间4.72~11.50 h,整个系统滞留雨水时间为5.17~13.80 h,人工系统比植物层滞留雨水时间显著延长,且进水量越大,差异越显著。(2)系统出水流速平缓,蒸发与植物蒸腾耗水量比例低于6%;壤土含量越高,滞留雨水时间越长。(3)经系统过滤,系统出水酸碱度平均增加0.81,氨氮含量平均降低0.42 mg/L。     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌粪产碱杆菌的脱氮特性

为了对粪产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes faecalis No.4)的脱氮特性进行研究,提出了不同环境因子对菌株脱氮性能影响的对比实验。结果表明,该菌能利用柠檬酸钠和乙酸钠作为惟一碳源,以柠檬酸钠为碳源时脱氮活性最高,硝酸铵、氯化铵、碳酸铵和硫酸铵4种铵盐均能作为惟一氮源,而硝态氮和亚硝态氮几乎不能被该菌代谢转化;当温度在30~37℃、摇床转速超过120 r/min、p H为6~8之间时,该菌对氨氮的去除效果最好;该菌对高中低浓度的氨氮都具有很好的去除效果,对高浓度的氨氮有很好的耐受性;该菌对0%、3%盐度的适应期较短,对6%的盐度经过较长时间的适应期后,也能够快速地处理氨氮,具有良好的耐盐性。     

Treatment of coking wastewater by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide

In this study the treatment of coking wastewater was investigated by an advanced Fenton oxidation process using iron powder and hydrogen peroxide. Particular attention was paid to the effect of initial pH, dosage of H₂O₂ and to improvement in biodegradation. The results showed that higher COD and total phenol removal rates were achieved with a decrease in initial pH and an increase in H₂O₂ dosage. At an initial pH of less than 6.5 and H₂O₂ concentration of 0.3 M, COD removal reached 44-50% and approximately 95% of total phenol removal was achieved at a reaction time of 1 h. The oxygen uptake rate of the effluent measured at a reaction time of 1 h increased by approximately 65% compared to that of the raw coking wastewater. This indicated that biodegradation of the coking wastewater was significantly improved. Several organic compounds, including bifuran, quinoline, resorcinol and benzofuranol were removed completely as determined by GC-MS analysis. The advanced Fenton oxidation process is an effective pretreatment method for the removal of organic pollutants from coking wastewater. This process increases biodegradation, and may be combined with a classical biological process to achieve effluent of high quality.     

微囊藻毒素-LR的全内反射荧光免疫传感器研究

在开发全内反射荧光免疫传感器的基础上,研究水中微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的检测方法。建立了基于MC-LR平面波导免疫芯片的制备方法,并结合流动分析和荧光检测开发检测系统,针对MC-LR的免疫检测条件进行优化。结果表明,全内反射荧光免疫传感器对MC-LR抗体的检测限为0.001μg/mL;在间接竞争免疫检测模式下,最优检测条件是预反应时间5min、预反应温度37℃、进样停留时间500s;在最优检测条件下,对MC-LR的检测限为0.100μg/L,线性区间为0.200~4.000μg/L;全内反射荧光免疫传感器检测MC-LR的加标回收率均在100.0%±20.0%,平行测定的相对标准偏差小于5%。     

发展循环经济,建设绿色矿山

中国铝业股份有限公司广西分公司发展循环经济,建设绿色矿山,提高资源综合利用水平;严格处理"三废",积极复垦还地,避免浪费土地资源,保护生态环境,造福当地人民。其经验和做法为建设绿色矿山,发展矿业循环经济提供借鉴。     

Load estimation and source apportionment of nonpoint source nitrogen and phosphorus based on integrated application of SLURP model, ECM, and RUSLE: a case study in the Jinjiang River, China

The nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is difficult to manage and control due to its complicated generation and formation. Load estimation and source apportionment are an important and necessary process for efficient NPS control. Here, an integrated application of semi-distributed land use-based runoff process (SLURP) model, export coefficients model (ECM), and revise universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) for the load estimation and source apportionment of nitrogen and phosphorus was proposed. The Jinjiang River (China) was chosen for the evaluation of the method proposed here. The chosen watershed was divided into 27 subbasins. After which, the SLURP model was used to calculate land use runoff and to estimate loads of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus, and ECM was applied to estimate dissolved loads from livestock and rural domestic sewage. Next, the RUSLE was employed for load estimation of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus. The results showed that the 12,029.06 t?a^?1 pollution loads of total NPS nitrogen (TN) mainly originated from dissolved nitrogen (96.24 %). The major sources of TN were land use runoff, which accounted for 45.97 % of the total, followed by livestock (32.43 %) and rural domestic sewage (17.83 %). For total NPS phosphorous (TP), its pollution loads were 570.82 t?a^?1 and made up of dissolved and adsorbed phosphorous with 66.29 and 33.71 % respectively. Soil erosion, land use runoff, rural domestic sewage, and livestock were the main sources of phosphorus with contribution ratios of 33.71, 45.73, 14.32, and 6.24 % respectively. Therefore, land use runoff, livestock, and soil erosion were identified as the main pollution sources to influence loads of NPS nitrogen and phosphorus in the Jinjiang River and should be controlled first. The method developed here provided a helpful guideline for conducting NPS pollution management in similar watershed.     

Fe-厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-三氯酚

采用Fe-厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-三氯酚(2,4,6-TCP).在初始pH 7.0、Fe加入量10.0 g/L、以甲酸钠为碳源的条件下,2,4,6-TCP降解效果最好.采用Fe-厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-TCP,比单独采用Fe或厌氧微生物体系具有明显的效果,运行60h后2,4,6-TCP开始降解,108h后2,4,6-TCP降解完全.添加2-溴乙烷磺酸盐可抑制产甲烷菌的活性,能有效促进2,4,6-TCP的降解.     

放射性废水的膜处理技术研究进展

核燃料的生产、核电厂的运行、同位素的生产和使用等过程都会产生着大量的放射性废水,为了保护环境和人类健康,这些废水必须经过安全、经济和有效的处理处置.放射性废水传统的处理方法主要包括过滤法、离子交换法、蒸发法或这几种工艺的组合.近年来,膜分离技术在放射性废水处理中得到了广泛的研究,发达国家已有应用膜分离技术处理放射性废水的实例,而我国规模化应用的实例还很少见.本文首先介绍了放射性废水的来源及组成,分析了各种放射性废水处理方法的优势和不足,包括化学沉淀法、过滤法、离子交换法、蒸发浓缩法、吸附法、生物还原/吸附法和膜分离法等.在此基础上,重点介绍了各种膜分离技术,包括微滤、超滤、纳滤、反渗透、膜蒸馏等在放射性废水处理中研究与应用现状,对已有的文献资料进行了较系统全面的分析、归纳和总结,对各种方法的优缺点及适用范围进行了比较,对膜技术在放射性废水处理中的应用前景及问题进行了讨论.最后,简要介绍了放射性废水处理产生的浓缩产物的最终处理处置,对放射性废水处理技术未来的研究和发展方向给出了建议.     

中国公众环境意识的时空差异及影响因素分析

建设生态文明是中华民族永续发展的千年大计,引导和培育公众牢固树立环境保护意识是构建生态环境治理全民行动体系的根本保障。本文以2003年和2013年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据为基础,评估了全国28个省（市、自治区）（不含新疆、西藏、海南及港澳台地区）的公众环境意识,综合运用空间自相关分析、标准差椭圆分析和空间计量模型等方法,揭示了中国公众环境意识的时空差异特征,甄别了主要影响因素及其作用。结果表明：（1）2003—2013年中国公众环境意识水平基本维持不变,环境付费能力大幅下降,但公众对环境意识的关注程度有所提高;（2）中国公众环境意识的总体空间演化形态表现为整体分布规模略微缩小,省域公众环境意识空间差异显著,中西部地区环境意识有所增强,东部地区公众环境意识处于较高水平;（3）公众环境意识水平存在显著的空间正相关性,空间集聚程度不断加剧;空间局部特征以高—高型和低—低型最为显著,各省份空间相似度较高;（4）人口密度、工业污染治理投资、教育经费投入、地区环境污染程度及地区城市设施水平等因素均对公众环境意识产生显著影响。