催化快速法测定COD_(Cr)定量下限的研究

催化快速法测定CODCr是我国目前环境监测中普遍使用的最快速、简便、可靠的方法 ,该法的检测范围是 60～ 1 0 0 0mg/l,我们经过研究测出催化快速法的定量下限为 1 0mg/l,扩大了该法的应用范围。     

基于InVEST模型的北京山区森林生态系统碳储量评估分析

本文基于北京山区遥感影像数据和标准样地调查数据,利用In VEST模型碳储量模块,评估分析了北京山区森林生态系统的碳储量。结果表明,北京山区森林生态系统的平均碳密度为99. 95 Mg/hm~2,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层平均碳密度分别为10. 51、3. 16、0. 86、8. 61、76. 81 Mg/hm~2。植被碳密度与土壤碳密度呈现显著正相关关系,土壤碳密度与凋落物碳密度呈现显著正相关关系。各林分类型平均碳密度表现为落叶针叶林(153. 99 Mg/hm~2)针阔混交林(132. 45Mg/hm~2)落叶阔叶林(125. 10 Mg/hm~2)常绿针叶林(111. 78 Mg/hm~2)灌木林(72. 26 Mg/hm~2)。北京山区森林生态系统总碳储量为77. 41 Tg,其中乔木层、灌木层、草本层、凋落物层和土壤层的碳储量分别为8. 14、2. 45、0. 67、6. 67、59. 48 Tg。各林分类型总碳储量表现为落叶阔叶林(43. 23 Tg)灌木林(25. 90 Tg)常绿针叶林(6. 21 Tg)针阔混交林(1. 42 Tg)落叶针叶林(0. 65 Tg)。落叶阔叶林和灌木林是北京山区森林生态系统碳储量的主要贡献者,分别占55. 84%和33. 46%。在北京山区各个区县中,怀柔区碳储量最高(15. 37 Tg),平谷区碳储量最低(4. 89 Tg)。北京山区森林生态系统碳储量分布不均,总体表现为北京山区北部区县较高,西部区县偏低,中部和东部最低。     

自动固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法检测环境水中苯系物的研究

对自动固相微萃取(SPME)-毛细管气相色谱法测定环境水中苯系物的方法进行了研究。通过对环境水中苯系物在不同SPME条件的优化、筛选实验，建立了苯系物的自动固相微萃取-气相色谱的检测方法，该方法简便、灵敏、快捷、可靠，分离度高，准确性好。在0．001mg／L～1．00mg／L范围内有良好的线性关系，最低检测浓度为0．1lμg／L～0．41μg／L。样品测定的相对标准偏差为1．8％～3．5％，回收率为88％～108％，精密度和准确度均较好。     

Comprehensive evaluation of spent mushroom substrate-chicken manure co-composting by garden waste improvement: physicochemical properties,humification process,and the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The performance of garden waste on spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and chicken manure (CM) co-composting efficiency and humification is unclear....     

Distribution and removal of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic sludge digestion with alkaline,thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments

Sludge digestion is critical to control the spread of ARGs from wastewater to soil. Fate of ARGs in three pretreatment-AD processes was investigated. UP was more efficient for ARGs removal than AP and THP in pretreatment-AD process. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA gene. The bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria. Sewage sludge in the wastewater treatment plants contains considerable amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A few studies have reported that anaerobic digestion (AD) could successfully remove some ARGs from sewage sludge, but information on the fate of ARGs in sludge pretreatment-AD process is still very limited. In this study, three sludge pretreatment methods, including alkaline, thermal hydrolysis and ultrasonic pretreatments, were compared to investigate the distribution and removal of ARGs in the sludge pretreatment-AD process. Results showed that the ARGs removal efficiency of AD itself was approximately 50.77%, and if these three sludge pretreatments were applied, the total ARGs removal efficiency of the whole pretreatment-AD process could be improved up to 52.50%–75.07%. The ultrasonic pretreatment was more efficient than alkaline and thermal hydrolysis pretreatments. Although thermal hydrolysis reduced ARGs obviously, the total ARGs rebounded considerably after inoculation and were only removed slightly in the subsequent AD process. Furthermore, it was found that the total ARGs concentration significantly correlated with the amount of 16S rRNA gene during the pretreatment and AD processes, and the bacteria carrying ARGs could be mainly affiliated with Proteobacteria.     

Effect of wetland plant fermentation broth on nitrogen removal and bioenergy generation in constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells

● Fermentation broth facilitates N removal and energy yields in tertiary CW-MFC. ● Carbon sources are preferred for nitrogen removal over electricity generation. ● A mutual promotion relationship exists between acetic and humic acid in N removal. ● Humic acid boosts the abundances of functional genes relate to nitrogen metabolism. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are widely used as a tertiary treatment technology, and the addition of carbon sources can significantly improve advanced nitrogen removal. However, excessive carbon sources would lead to an increase in the effluent chemical oxygen demand in CWs, and microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can convert these into electricity. In this study, constructed wetland-microbial fuel cells (CW-MFCs) were built to achieve simultaneous nitrogen removal and electricity generation, using wetland plant litter fermentation broths as carbon sources. The total nitrogen removal in the groups with fermentation broth addition (FGs) reached 83.33%, which was 19.64% higher than that in the CG (group without fermentation broth), and the mean voltages in the FGs were at least 2.6 times higher than that of the CG. Furthermore, two main components of the fermentation broths, acetic acid (Ac) and humic acid (HA), were identified using a three-dimensional excitation emission matrix and gas chromatograph and added to CW-MFCs to explore the influence mechanism on the treatment performance. Denitrification and electrogenesis presented the same tendency: Ac&HA > Ac > CG’ (groups without Ac and HA). These results indicate that Ac and HA increased the abundance of functional genes associated with nitrogen metabolism and electron transfer. This study demonstrated that CW-MFC fermentation broth addition can be a potential strategy for the disposal of secondary effluent and bioelectricity generation.     

Role of solution chemistry in the attachment of graphene oxide nanoparticles onto iron oxide minerals with different characteristics

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Given the ubiquity and abundance of the iron oxide minerals and their important roles in affecting the environmental fate of graphene oxide (GO)...     

Effect of pH on biologic degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in sequencing batch biofilm reactors

In this paper, the effect of pH on biological degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by alga-lysing bacteria in laboratory-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactors (SBBRs) was investigated. After 10 d filming with waste activated sludge, the biological film could be formed, and the bioreactors in which laid polyolefin resin filler were used to treat algal culture. By comparing the removal efficiency of chlorophyll a at different aerobic time, the optimum time was determined as 5 h. Under pH 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5 conditions, the removal rates of Microcystis aeruginosa were respectively 75.9%, 83.6%, and 78.3% (in term of chlorophyll a), and that of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD_Mn) were 30.6%, 35.8%, and 33.5%. While the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ - N) were all 100%. It was observed that the sequence of the removal efficiencies of algae, NH ₄ ⁺ - N and organic matter were pH 7.5>pH 8.5>pH 6.5. The results showed that the dominant alga-lysing bacteria in the SBBRs was strain HM-01, which was identified as Bacillus sp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database. The algicidal activated substance which HM-01 strain excreted could withstand high temperature and pressure, also had better hydrophily and stronger polarity.     

竹银水库库底氮磷营养盐释放潜力研究

竹银水库是珠海新建的目前最大的对澳门供水水库,总库容达4500×104 m3。氮和磷是浮游植物生长繁殖的主要限制性营养元素,氮、磷的供应很大程度决定着水生生态系统的初级生产力和有机质的微生物循环,而水体氮、磷营养盐的一个重要来源就是沉积物,即底泥。以竹银水库蓄水前库内不同区域的底泥为对象,对水库内代表不同区域的10个位点底泥进行采样,通过水库蓄水模型装置,模拟无氧条件下各区域底泥在蓄水后短期内向上覆水体释放氮、磷营养盐的情况,并对释放到水体中的总氮、总磷进行2天一次的定期监测,评估该水库底泥氮、磷营养盐的释放潜力。结果表明：竹银水库库底氮、磷营养盐的释放存在空间差异,农业种植区和畜牧养殖区附近的采样点具有较大的总氮和总磷释放潜力;各采样点的总氮平均释放潜力达15 g·m-3,总磷平均释放潜力达30 mg·m-3,磷释放的风险远低于氮,磷仍将是竹银水库最主要的限制性营养元素;预计该水库在蓄水后10 d内最多可释放近1.7×105 kg的氮和1.5×103 kg左右的磷,按满库容计算,则底泥营养盐的释放使水库水体氮、磷营养盐质量浓度分别提高4.25 mg·L^-1和0.038 mg·L^-1。建议对不同区域性质的底泥采取具有针对性的处理措施：对农业种植区与牲畜养殖场区域的底泥应以清淤为主,对于其他区域可采取底泥覆盖等技术降低其营养盐释放风险。