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排序方式: 共有404条查询结果,搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
Babut Marc Marchand Philippe Venisseau Anaïs Veyrand Bruno Ferrari Benoit J. D. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):7766-7773
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Legacy (i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD)) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were... 相似文献
2.
Amina Chnirhe Mourad Harir Basem Kanawati Mohammed El Azzouzi Istvan Gebefgi Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(9):1686-1693
The photodegradation of mefenpyrdiethyl (MFD), an herbicide safener, was investigated in aqueous suspensions by using Degussa P-25 and Hombikat UV100 titanium oxide under simulated sunlight irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of the herbicide, pH, catalysts and hydrogen peroxide doses as well as their combinations were studied and optimized. Accordingly, the kinetic parameters were determined and the effectiveness of the processes was assessed by calculating the rate constants. A pseudo first-order kinetics was observed. Under experimental conditions, the degradation rate constants were strongly influenced using P-25 and no noticeable effect was observed for Hombikat UV100. DFT calculations with B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory were performed to check whether significant conformational changes occur when the charge state of the MFD substrate changes and whether these changes could play a role in the dependency of photodegradation rate constant on the studied pH. High resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR/MS) was implemented to identify the main degradation products. 相似文献
3.
Ronal Gainza-Carmenates J. Carlos Altamirano-Cabrera Philippe Thalmann Laurent Drouet 《Environmental Science & Policy》2010,13(1):63-71
Quantitative assessments help to highlight the main features of climate policies by better identifying their strengths and weaknesses. In this study, we develop a grading system for assessing thirteen proposals for post-2012 climate policy. We believe that these proposals contain appropriate policy instruments which will be considered for discussions about how to design the post-2012 climate agreement. Our grades are based on four criteria: environmental effectiveness, cost effectiveness, distributional considerations and institutional feasibility. We analyze the grades with two complementary methods: principal component and cluster analysis. Our results entail three policy implications. Firstly, the higher the number of policy instruments a proposal comprises, the more difficult might be its implementation. Secondly, proposals which include a meaningful effort by the U.S. tend to fail in environmental effectiveness and institutional feasibility. Thirdly, we identify that the “first best” and the “second best” approaches belong to a stable policy group, and both may be considered as suitable candidates for post-2012 climate policy. 相似文献
4.
Jean-Franois Cabaraux Franois-Xavier Philippe Martine Laitat Bernard Canart Marc Vandenheede Baudouin Nicks 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2009,130(3-4):86-92
Gaseous emissions from agriculture contribute to a number of environmental effects. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are greenhouse gases taking part to the global problem of climate change. Ammonia (NH3) emissions are responsible of soil acidification and eutrophication and contribute also to indirect emissions of N2O. This work evaluated the influence of the type of floor on the emissions of these gases in the raising of weaned pigs. Two trials were carried out. In the first trial, the animals were kept either on fully slatted floor or on straw-based deep litter and, in the second one, either on fully slatted floor or on sawdust-based deep litter. For each trial and on each type of floor, 2 successive batches of weaned pigs were raised without changing the litter or emptying the slurry pit between the 2 batches. The rooms were automatically ventilated to maintain a constant ambient temperature.The performance of the animals was not significantly different according to the floor type. In trial 1, the nitrogen contents of the straw deep litter (including the substrate) and slurry were respectively 276 and 389 g pig−1. In trial 2, the sawdust deep litter and slurry nitrogen contents were respectively 122 and 318 g pig−1.Raising pigs on straw deep litter produced proportionately around 100% more NH3 than raising pigs on slatted floor (0.61 g NH3-N d−1 pig−1 vs. 0.31 g NH3-N d−1 pig−1; P < 0.05). Differences in CO2, H2O and CH4 emissions were not significant between systems. Raising pigs on sawdust deep litter produced also proportionately more NH3 (+52%; 0.55 g NH3-N d−1 pig−1 vs. 0.36 g NH3-N d−1 pig−1; P < 0.01) but also more CO2 (+25%; 427 g d−1 pig−1 vs. 341 g d−1 pig−1; P < 0.001) and H2O (+65%; 981 g d−1 pig−1 vs. 593 g d−1 pig−1; P < 0.001) and less CH4 (−40%; 0.52 g d−1 pig−1 vs. 0.86 g d−1 pig−1; P < 0.001) than raising pigs on slatted floor. Practically no N2O emission was observed from rooms with slatted floor while the N2O emissions were 0.03 and 0.32 g N2O-N d−1 pig−1 for the straw and sawdust deep litter respectively. The warming potential of the greenhouse gases (N2O + CH4), were about 22, 34 and 168 g CO2 equivalents per day and per pig on fully slatted floor, straw or sawdust deep litter respectively.In conclusion, pollutant gas emissions from rearing of weaned pig seem lower with fully slatted plastic floor system than with deep litter systems. 相似文献
5.
Aymen Amine Assadi Abdelkrim Bouzaza Dominique Wolbert Philippe Petit 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11178-11188
A proposal for scaling-up the photocatalytic reactors is described and applied to the coated catalytic walls with a thin layer of titanium dioxide under the near ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In this context, the photocatalytic degradation of isovaleraldehyde in gas phase is studied. In fact, the removal capacity is compared at different continuous reactors: a photocatalytic cylindrical reactor, planar reactor, and pilot unit. Results show that laboratory results can be useful for reactor design and scale-up. The flowrate increases lead to the removal capacity increases also. For example, with pilot unit, when flowrate extends four times, the degradation rate varies from 0.14 to 0.38 g h?1 mcat ?2. The influence of UV intensity is also studied. When this parameter increases, zboth degradation rate and overall mineralization are enhanced. Moreover, the effects of inlet concentration, flowrate, geometries, and size of reactors on the removal capacity are also studied. 相似文献
6.
Distribution of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in sediment and plants from a contaminated salt marsh (Tejo estuary,Portugal) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Margarida Nunes Anaïs Vernisseau Philippe Marchand Bruno Le Bizec Fernando Ramos Miguel A. Pardal 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2540-2549
Concentrations and profiles of 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were investigated in sediment and plants collected from a salt marsh in the Tejo estuary, Portugal. The highest PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations were detected in uncolonized sediments, averaging 325.25?±?57.55 pg g?1 dry weight (dw) and 8,146.33?±?2,142.14 pg g?1 dw, respectively. The plants Sarcocornia perennis and Halimione portulacoides growing in PCDD/F and dl-PCB contaminated sediments accumulated contaminants in roots, stems, and leaves. It was observed that PCDD/F and dl-PCB concentrations in roots were significantly lower in comparison with stems and leaves. In general, concentration of ΣPCDD/Fs and Σdl-PCBs in H. portulacoides tissues were found to be twofold higher than those in S. perennis, indicating a difference in the accumulation capability of both species. Furthermore, congener profiles changed between sediments and plant tissues, reflecting a selective accumulation of low chlorinated PCDD/Fs and non-ortho dl-PCBs in plants. 相似文献
7.
Estelle Lefrançois Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil Philippe Blancher Samuel Botreau Cécile Chardon Laura Crepin Tristan Cordier Arielle Cordonier Isabelle Domaizon Benoit J. D. Ferrari Julie Guéguen Jean-Christophe Hustache Louis Jacas Stephan Jacquet Sonia Lacroix Anne-Laurence Mazenq Alina Pawlowska Pascal Perney Jan Pawlowski Frédéric Rimet Jean-François Rubin Dominique Trevisan Régis Vivien Agnès Bouchez 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(34):33858-33866
The effectiveness of environmental protection measures is based on the early identification and diagnosis of anthropogenic pressures. Similarly, restoration actions require precise monitoring of changes in the ecological quality of ecosystems, in order to highlight their effectiveness. Monitoring the ecological quality relies on bioindicators, which are organisms revealing the pressures exerted on the environment through the composition of their communities. Their implementation, based on the morphological identification of species, is expensive because it requires time and experts in taxonomy. Recent genomic tools should provide access to reliable and high-throughput environmental monitoring by directly inferring the composition of bioindicators’ communities from their DNA (metabarcoding). The French-Swiss program SYNAQUA (INTERREG France-Switzerland 2017–2019) proposes to use and validate the tools of environmental genomic for biomonitoring and aims ultimately at their implementation in the regulatory bio-surveillance. SYNAQUA will test the metabarcoding approach focusing on two bioindicators, diatoms, and aquatic oligochaetes, which are used in freshwater biomonitoring in France and Switzerland. To go towards the renewal of current biomonitoring practices, SYNAQUA will (1) bring together different actors: scientists, environmental managers, consulting firms, and biotechnological companies, (2) apply this approach on a large scale to demonstrate its relevance, (3) propose robust and reliable tools, and (4) raise public awareness and train the various actors likely to use these new tools. Biomonitoring approaches based on such environmental genomic tools should address the European need for reliable, higher-throughput monitoring to improve the protection of aquatic environments under multiple pressures, guide their restoration, and follow their evolution. 相似文献
8.
Benjamin P. Louis Pierre-Alain Maron Valérie Viaud Philippe Leterme Safya Menasseri-Aubry 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(3):331-344
Industrial agriculture is yearly responsible for the loss of 55–100 Pg of historical soil carbon and 9.9 Tg of reactive nitrogen worldwide. Therefore, management practices should be adapted to preserve ecological processes and reduce inputs and environmental impacts. In particular, the management of soil organic matter (SOM) is a key factor influencing C and N cycles. Soil microorganisms play a central role in SOM dynamics. For instance, microbial diversity may explain up to 77 % of carbon mineralisation activities. However, soil microbial diversity is actually rarely taken into account in models of C and N dynamics. Here, we review the influence of microbial diversity on C and N dynamics, and the integration of microbial diversity in soil C and N models. We found that a gain of microbial richness and evenness enhances soil C and N dynamics on the average, though the improvement of C and N dynamics depends on the composition of microbial community. We reviewed 50 models integrating soil microbial diversity. More than 90 % of models integrate microbial diversity with discrete compartments representing conceptual functional groups (64 %) or identified taxonomic groups interacting in a food web (28 %). Half of the models have not been tested against an empirical dataset while the other half mainly consider fixed parameters. This is due to the difficulty to link taxonomic and functional diversity. 相似文献
9.
Dusit Angthararuk Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin Somyote Sutthivaiyakit Antonius Kettrup Pakawadee Sutthivaiyakit 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(1):10-22
This study was performed to identify the degradation products of profenofos “a phenyl organothiophosphate insecticide” in raw water (RW) collected from the entry point of Metropolitan Water Works Authority “Bangkaen, Thailand” and ultrapure water (UPW) with and without TiO2 under simulated sunlight irradiation. Degradation of profenofos was followed with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and follows pseudo first-order kinetic. Accordingly, high-field FTICR mass spectrometry coupled to an electrospray ionization source was used to reveal the degradation routes of profenofos and the isotopic fine structures (IFS) elucidations to approve the chemical structures of its degradation products. More degradation products were detected in UPW as compared to RW. Consequently, two main degradation pathways namely (i) interactive replacements of bromine and hydrogen by hydroxyl functional groups and (ii) rupture of PO, PS, CBr and CCl bonds were observed. None interactive replacement of chlorine by hydroxyl functional group was detected. Accordingly, mechanistical pathways of the main degradation products were established. 相似文献
10.
Maeva Giraudo Audrey Bruneau Andrée D. Gendron Philippe Brodeur Martin Pilote David J. Marcogliese Christian Gagnon Magali Houde 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(18):18073-18084
A multi-disciplinary approach was used to evaluate the health of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada), which is experiencing a severe population decline in the downstream portion of the river. Physiological parameters, liver alterations, trace metal concentrations, parasite prevalence and abundance, stable isotope composition, and the presence/absence of the viral hemorragic septicemia virus (VHSV) were evaluated in perch collected at six sites along the river: Lake St. François, Lake St. Louis (north and south), Beauregard Island, and Lake St. Pierre (north and south). Trace metal concentrations in surface water were higher in Lake St. Louis and downstream of a major urban wastewater treatment plant discharge, indicating that this effluent was a significant source of Cu, As, Ag, Zn, and Cd. Levels of Pb in surface water exceeded thresholds for the protection of aquatic life in Lake St. Louis and were negatively correlated with body condition index in this lake. In Lake St. Pierre, Cu, Ag, and Cd bioaccumulated significantly in perch liver and lower body condition index and greater liver damage were observed compared to upstream sites. Parasite analyses indicated a higher abundance of metacercariae of the trematodes Apophallus brevis and Diplostomum spp. in Lake St. Louis, and VHSV was not detected in the liver of yellow perch for all studied sites. Overall, results suggested that the global health of yellow perch from Lake St. Pierre is lower compared to upstream studied sites, which could contribute to the documented population collapse at this site. 相似文献